Chapter 11 Flashcards
Oldowan
The tool industry characterized by simple, usually unifacial core and flake tools.
tool industry
A particular style or tradition of making stone tools.
core
The raw material source (a river cobble or a large flake) from which flakes are removed.
flake
The stone fragment struck from a core, thought to have been the pri-mary tool of the Oldowan.
hammerstone
A stone used for striking cores to produce flakes or bones to expose marrow.
butchering site
A place where there is archaeo-logical evidence of the butchering of carcasses by hominins. The ev-idence usually consists of tool-cut marks on fossilized animal bones or the presence of the stone tools themselves.
quarrying site
An archaeological site at which there is evidence that early hominins were obtaining the raw material to make stone tools.
home base
Archaeological term for an area to which early hominins may have brought tools and carcasses and around which their activities were centered
supraorbital torus
Thickened ridge of bone above the eye orbits of the skull; a browridge.
angular torus
A thickened ridge of bone at the posterior angle of the parietal bone.
occipital torus
A thickened horizontal ridge of bone on the occipital bone at the rear of the cranium
sagittal keel
Longitudinal ridge or thickening of bone on the sagittal suture not asso-ciated with any muscle attachment.
metopic keel
Longitudinal ridge or thickening of bone along the midline of the frontal bone.
shovel-shaped incisors
Anterior teeth that, on their lin-gual (tongue) surface, are concave with two raised edges that make them look like tiny shovels.
platymeric
A bone that is flattened from front to back.
platycnemic
A bone that is flattened from side to side
calotte
The skullcap, or the bones of the skull, excluding those that form the face and the base of the cranium.
calvaria
The braincase; includes the bones of the calotte and those that form the base of the cranium but ex-cludes the bones of the face
canine fossa
An indentation on the maxilla above the root of the canine; an anatomical feature usually asso-ciated with modern humans that may be present in some archaic Homo species in Europe.
Acheulean
Stone tool industry of the early and middle Pleistocene charac-terized by the presence of bifacial hand axes and cleavers. This industry is made by a number of Homo species, including H. erectus and early H. sapiens.
Early Stone Age (or Lower Paleolithic)
The earliest stone tool industries, including the Oldowan and Acheu-lean industries; called the ESA in Africa and the Lower Paleolithic outside Africa.
biface
A stone tool that has been flaked on two faces or opposing sides, forming a cutting edge between the two flake scars. hand axe Type of Acheulean bifacial tool, usually teardrop-shaped, with a long cutting edge.
A stone tool that has been flaked on two faces or opposing sides, forming a cutting edge between the two flake scars.
hand axe
Type of Acheulean bifacial tool, usually teardrop-shaped, with a long cutting edge.
cleaver
Type of Acheulean bifacial tool, usually oblong with a broad cut-ting edge on one end.
Movius line
The separation between areas of the Old World in which Acheulean technology occurs and those in which it does not; named by ar-chaeologist Hallam Movius.
