Chapter 11

Question 1

Oldowan

Answer 1

The tool industry characterized by simple, usually unifacial core and flake tools.

Question 2

tool industry

Answer 2

A particular style or tradition of making stone tools.

Question 3

core

Answer 3

The raw material source (a river cobble or a large flake) from which flakes are removed.

Question 4

flake

Answer 4

The stone fragment struck from a core, thought to have been the pri-mary tool of the Oldowan.

Question 5

hammerstone

Answer 5

A stone used for striking cores to produce flakes or bones to expose marrow.

Question 6

butchering site

Answer 6

A place where there is archaeo-logical evidence of the butchering of carcasses by hominins. The ev-idence usually consists of tool-cut marks on fossilized animal bones or the presence of the stone tools themselves.

Question 7

quarrying site

Answer 7

An archaeological site at which there is evidence that early hominins were obtaining the raw material to make stone tools.

Question 8

home base

Answer 8

Archaeological term for an area to which early hominins may have brought tools and carcasses and around which their activities were centered

Question 9

supraorbital torus

Answer 9

Thickened ridge of bone above the eye orbits of the skull; a browridge.

Question 10

angular torus

Answer 10

A thickened ridge of bone at the posterior angle of the parietal bone.

Question 11

occipital torus

Answer 11

A thickened horizontal ridge of bone on the occipital bone at the rear of the cranium

Question 12

sagittal keel

Answer 12

Longitudinal ridge or thickening of bone on the sagittal suture not asso-ciated with any muscle attachment.

Question 13

metopic keel

Answer 13

Longitudinal ridge or thickening of bone along the midline of the frontal bone.

Question 14

shovel-shaped incisors

Answer 14

Anterior teeth that, on their lin-gual (tongue) surface, are concave with two raised edges that make them look like tiny shovels.

Question 15

platymeric

Answer 15

A bone that is flattened from front to back.

Question 16

platycnemic

Answer 16

A bone that is flattened from side to side

Question 17

calotte

Answer 17

The skullcap, or the bones of the skull, excluding those that form the face and the base of the cranium.

Question 18

calvaria

Answer 18

The braincase; includes the bones of the calotte and those that form the base of the cranium but ex-cludes the bones of the face

Question 19

canine fossa

Answer 19

An indentation on the maxilla above the root of the canine; an anatomical feature usually asso-ciated with modern humans that may be present in some archaic Homo species in Europe.

Question 20

Acheulean

Answer 20

Stone tool industry of the early and middle Pleistocene charac-terized by the presence of bifacial hand axes and cleavers. This industry is made by a number of Homo species, including H. erectus and early H. sapiens.

Question 21

Early Stone Age (or Lower Paleolithic)

Answer 21

The earliest stone tool industries, including the Oldowan and Acheu-lean industries; called the ESA in Africa and the Lower Paleolithic outside Africa.

Question 22

biface
A stone tool that has been flaked on two faces or opposing sides, forming a cutting edge between the two flake scars. hand axe Type of Acheulean bifacial tool, usually teardrop-shaped, with a long cutting edge.

Answer 22

A stone tool that has been flaked on two faces or opposing sides, forming a cutting edge between the two flake scars.

Question 23

hand axe

Answer 23

Type of Acheulean bifacial tool, usually teardrop-shaped, with a long cutting edge.

Question 24

cleaver

Answer 24

Type of Acheulean bifacial tool, usually oblong with a broad cut-ting edge on one end.

Question 25

Movius line

Answer 25

The separation between areas of the Old World in which Acheulean technology occurs and those in which it does not; named by ar-chaeologist Hallam Movius.