Chapter 11

Question 1

gender

Answer 1

male and female

Question 2

an individual’s perception of having a particular identity

Answer 2

gender identity

Question 3

external behaviors that are socially defined as masculine and feminine

Answer 3

gender expression

Question 4

culturally defined expectations for certain genders

Answer 4

gender roles

Question 5

identification with traits regarded as masculine or feminine

Answer 5

gender role identity

Question 6

preferences regarding sexual partners

Answer 6

sexual orientation

Question 7

male gender stereotypes

Answer 7

instrumentality, orientation toward action and accomplishment

Question 8

female gender stereotypes

Answer 8

expressiveness, orientation toward emotion and relationships

Question 9

gender similarities hypothesis

Answer 9

men and women are similar on most psychological variables

Question 10

verbal abilities favor

Answer 10

women

Question 11

mathematical abilities favor

Answer 11

neither

Question 12

spatial abilities favor

Answer 12

men

Question 13

academic achievement favors

Answer 13

women

Question 14

self esteem favors

Answer 14

males

Question 15

physical aggression favors

Answer 15

males

Question 16

emotional aggression favors

Answer 16

women

Question 17

emotional expression favors

Answer 17

women

Question 18

verbal communication favors

Answer 18

men

Question 19

nonverbal communication favors

Answer 19

women

Question 20

antisocial behavior favors

Answer 20

men

Question 21

alcohol and drug related disorders favor

Answer 21

men

Question 22

depression, anxiety, and eating disorders favor

Answer 22

women

Question 23

minor gender differences are exaggerated by the different social roles that males and females occupy

Answer 23

social role thoery

Question 24

individuals construct their own reality based on societal expectations, conditioning, and self-socialization

Answer 24

social constructions

Question 25

the right and left halves of the cerebrum, which is the convoluted outer layer of the brain

Answer 25

cerberbal hemisphere

Question 26

the band of fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain

Answer 26

corpus callosum

Question 27

does biology play a large role in gender

Answer 27

no

Question 28

the acquisition of norms and roles expected of people in a particular society

Answer 28

socialization

Question 29

how is gender-role socialization formed

Answer 29

reinforcement and punishment

Question 30

imitating the behavior of parent or older sibling

Answer 30

observational learning

Question 31

male gender role expectations

Answer 31

achievement, aggression, autonomy, sexuality, stoicism

Question 32

male gender role issues

Answer 32

pressure to succeed, emotional realm, sexual problems

Question 33

female gender role expectations

Answer 33

marriage, motherhood, work outside of home

Question 34

female gender role issues

Answer 34

juggling multiple roles, ambivalence about sexuality

Question 35

gender in the past and future

Answer 35

gender roles are changing, alternatives to traditional gender roles

Question 36

research on same-sex parents

Answer 36

no gender roles, division of labor is equal

Question 37

discrimination against people on the basis of their gender

Answer 37

sexism

Question 38

the glass ceiling

Answer 38

economic discrimination

Question 39

effects of gender in the workplace

Answer 39

depression, distress, reduced commitment, less engagement, poorer physical and mental health, PTSD