Chapter 11 Flashcards
gender
male and female
an individual’s perception of having a particular identity
gender identity
external behaviors that are socially defined as masculine and feminine
gender expression
culturally defined expectations for certain genders
gender roles
identification with traits regarded as masculine or feminine
gender role identity
preferences regarding sexual partners
sexual orientation
male gender stereotypes
instrumentality, orientation toward action and accomplishment
female gender stereotypes
expressiveness, orientation toward emotion and relationships
gender similarities hypothesis
men and women are similar on most psychological variables
verbal abilities favor
women
mathematical abilities favor
neither
spatial abilities favor
men
academic achievement favors
women
self esteem favors
males
physical aggression favors
males
emotional aggression favors
women
emotional expression favors
women
verbal communication favors
men
nonverbal communication favors
women
antisocial behavior favors
men
alcohol and drug related disorders favor
men
depression, anxiety, and eating disorders favor
women
minor gender differences are exaggerated by the different social roles that males and females occupy
social role thoery
individuals construct their own reality based on societal expectations, conditioning, and self-socialization
social constructions
the right and left halves of the cerebrum, which is the convoluted outer layer of the brain
cerberbal hemisphere
the band of fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain
corpus callosum
does biology play a large role in gender
no
the acquisition of norms and roles expected of people in a particular society
socialization
how is gender-role socialization formed
reinforcement and punishment
imitating the behavior of parent or older sibling
observational learning
male gender role expectations
achievement, aggression, autonomy, sexuality, stoicism
male gender role issues
pressure to succeed, emotional realm, sexual problems
female gender role expectations
marriage, motherhood, work outside of home
female gender role issues
juggling multiple roles, ambivalence about sexuality
gender in the past and future
gender roles are changing, alternatives to traditional gender roles
research on same-sex parents
no gender roles, division of labor is equal
discrimination against people on the basis of their gender
sexism
the glass ceiling
economic discrimination
effects of gender in the workplace
depression, distress, reduced commitment, less engagement, poorer physical and mental health, PTSD
