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A&P Chapters 9-11 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Membranes that protect brain and spinal cord; between bone and soft tissues of nervous system

A

Meninges

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2
Q

Three layers of meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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3
Q

Out layer, tough dense connective tissue, dural sinuses, epidural space (layer of meninges)

A

Dura mater

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4
Q

Middle layer; attached to surface of brain, spinal cord, subarachnoid space contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (layer of meninges)

A

Arachnoid mater

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5
Q

Inner layer; attached to surface of brain, spinal cord, contains blood vessels and nerves, nourishes CNS (layer of meninges)

A

Pia mater

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6
Q

CSF is produced in..

A

4 ventricles, interconnected cavities within cerebral hemispheres, and brain stem

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7
Q

The four ventricles are…

A

2 lateral ventricles (called 1st and 2nd ventricles)
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle

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8
Q

Connect third to lateral ventricles

A

Inter-ventricular foramina

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9
Q

Connects third and fourth ventricles

A

Cerebral aqueduct

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10
Q

Cerebral spinal fluid is secreted by special capillaries of the pia mater covered by ependymal cells called.

A

Choroid plexuses

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11
Q

After exchanging substances, CSF is absorbed by the….

A

Arachnoid granulations

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12
Q

Volume of CSF at any time is… average

A

140mL

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13
Q

Brain forms from three vesicles (cavities)

A

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

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14
Q

Forebrain becomes (brain development)

A

Cerebrum
Basal nuclei
Diencephalon

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15
Q

Mesencephalon remains (brain development)

A

Midbrain

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16
Q

Hindbrain becomes (brain development)

A

Cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata

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17
Q

Major portions of the adult brain

A

Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Cerebellum
Brain stem

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18
Q

Largest part of the brain

A

Cerebrum

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19
Q

Cerebrum is separated into two halves, separated by falx cerebri

A

Cerebral hemispheres

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20
Q

Connects cerebral hemispheres of cerebrum

A

Corpus callosum

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21
Q

Ridges and convolutions of cerebrum

A

Gyri

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22
Q

Shallow grooves in surface; example: central sulcus

A

Sulci

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23
Q

Deep grooves in surface of cerebrum

A

Fissures

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24
Q

Fissures that separate cerebral into two hemispheres

A

Longitudinal

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25
Q

Fissures that separate cerebrum from cerebellum

A

Transverse

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26
Q

Five lobes of cerebral hemispheres

A

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
Insula(island of real) deep within lateral sulcus

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27
Q

Responsible for higher mental functions, seat of intelligence and personality

A

Cerebral cortex

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28
Q

Sensory areas of the Cortex (6)

A

Cutaneous sensory area
Sensory speech area (wernicke’s)
Visual area
Auditory area
Sensory area for taste
Sensory area for smell

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29
Q

Parietal lobe, interprets sensation on skin

A

Cutaneous sensory area

30
Q

Temporal/parietal lobe, usually left hemisphere, understanding and formulating language

A

Sensory speech area(Wernicke’s area)

31
Q

Occipital lobe, interprets vision

A

Visual area

32
Q

Temporal lobe, interprets hearing

A

Auditory area

33
Q

Near base of the central sulcus, includes part of insula

A

Sensory area for taste

34
Q

Arises from centers deep within temporal lobes

A

Sensory area for smell

35
Q

Association areas of the cortex (8)

A

Frontal lobe association areas
Parietal lobe association areas
Temporal lobe association areas
Occipital lobe association areas
Insula
Primary motor areas
Broca’s area
Frontal eye field

36
Q

Lobe associated with concentrating, planning, complex problem solving; emotional behavior, judging consequences of behavior

A

Frontal lobe

37
Q

Lobe associated with understanding speech, choosing words to express throughs and feelings

A

Parietal lobe

38
Q

Lobe associated with interpreting complex sensory experiences( understanding speech, reading); store memories of visual scenes, music, and complex patterns

A

Temporal

39
Q

Lobe associated with analyzing and combining visual images with other sensory experiences

A

Occipital

40
Q

Area of Cortex associated with translating sensory information into proper emotional responses

A

Insula

41
Q

Three motor areas of the cortex

A

Primary motor area (motor cortex)
Broca’s area
Frontal eye field

42
Q

Frontal lobes, control voluntary muscles, most nerve fibers cross over in brainstem (motor area of cortex)

A

Primary motor area (motor cortex)

43
Q

Anterior to primary motor cortex, usually I left hemisphere, controls muscles needed for speech (motor areas of cortex)

A

Broca’s area

44
Q

Above Broca’s area, controls voluntary movement of eyes and eyelids

A

Frontal eye field

45
Q

Hemisphere dominant in most people?

A

Left hemisphere

46
Q

Controls language skills of speech writing and reading; verbal analytical and computational skills (dom/non dom hem)

A

Dominant hemisphere

47
Q

Controls non-verbal task, motor tasks involving orientation and space, understanding and interpreting musical and visual patterns, provides emotional and intuitive thought processes. (Dom/no dom hem) 

A

Non-dominant hemisphere

48
Q

Two major components of the diencephalon

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

49
Q

Gateway for sensory impulses ascending to cerebral cortex. Receives all sensory impulses except for Smell. Director of impulses

A

Thalamus

50
Q

Maintains homeostasis by regulating visceral activities such as heart rate BP body temp water and electrolyte balance etc.

A

Hypothalamus

51
Q

Controls emotional responses feelings behavior oriented towards survival; reacts to potentially life-threatening upsets

A

Limbic system

52
Q

Connects brain to spinal cord

A

Brainstem

53
Q

Brainstem consists of

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

54
Q

Rounded bulge on underside of brain stem. Between mid brain and medulla oblongata. Helps regulate rhythm of breathing

A

Pons

55
Q

Enlarged continuation of spinal cord. Contains cardiac vasomotor and respiratory control centers. Injuries are often fatal

A

Medulla oblongata

56
Q

 Filters incoming sensory information passing some to cerebral cortex and discarding unimportant information nerve fibers scattered throughout brain stem. Also called reticular activating system

A

Reticular formation

57
Q

Sleep that is restful and dreamless. Reduce blood pressure and respiratory rate. Person is tired.

A

Non-rapid eye movement sleep (Nonrem)

58
Q

Dreaming occurs deep sleep between 3 and 5 AM. Heart and respiratory rates irregular. Some areas of brain are active.

A

Rapid eye movement sleep REM

59
Q

Extends downward through vertebral canal. Begins at the foramen magnum and terminates at the first and second lumbar vertebrae space. Consist of 31 segments each giving rise to a pair of spinal nerves

A

Spinal cord

60
Q

Helps maintain an upright posture. Contains two neurons sensory and motor. Has only one synapse in spinal cord. Examples patellar or knee-jerk reflex

A

Monosynaptic stretch reflex

61
Q

Occurs when a person touches or stepped on something painful example Tac. Prevent or limits tissue damage

A

Withdrawal reflex

62
Q

During withdrawal reflex flexors unaffected side contract and extensors are inhibited. Also shifts body weight so person remains upright

A

Crossed extensor reflex

63
Q

 Loose connective tissue that surrounds individual axons

A

Endoneurium

64
Q

Loose connective tissue that surrounds fascicles

A

Perineurium

65
Q

Dense connective tissue that surrounds a group of fascicles

A

Epineurium

66
Q

Conduct impulses into brain or spinal cord. Type of nerve fiber classification

A

Sensory nerves

67
Q

Conduct impulses to muscles or glands. Type of nerve fiber classification

A

Motor nerves

68
Q

Contain both sensory and motor nerve fibers. Most are this. All spinal nerves are this except first pair

A

Mixed nerves

69
Q

Type of nerve that is associated with special senses most are mixed nerves 12 pairs on underside of brain. Most are attached to the brainstem with the exception of two

A

Cranial nerves

70
Q

 Prepares the body for fight or flight situation

A

 Sympathetic division

71
Q

Prepares the body for rest and digest activities

A

Parasympathetic division

72
Q

Number of spinal nerves

A

31

A&P Chapters 9-11 (5 decks)

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