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A&P Chapters 9-11 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Membranes that protect brain and spinal cord; between bone and soft tissues of nervous system

A

Meninges

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2
Q

Three layers of meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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3
Q

Out layer, tough dense connective tissue, dural sinuses, epidural space (layer of meninges)

A

Dura mater

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4
Q

Middle layer; attached to surface of brain, spinal cord, subarachnoid space contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (layer of meninges)

A

Arachnoid mater

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5
Q

Inner layer; attached to surface of brain, spinal cord, contains blood vessels and nerves, nourishes CNS (layer of meninges)

A

Pia mater

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6
Q

CSF is produced in..

A

4 ventricles, interconnected cavities within cerebral hemispheres, and brain stem

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7
Q

The four ventricles are…

A

2 lateral ventricles (called 1st and 2nd ventricles)
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle

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8
Q

Connect third to lateral ventricles

A

Inter-ventricular foramina

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9
Q

Connects third and fourth ventricles

A

Cerebral aqueduct

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10
Q

Cerebral spinal fluid is secreted by special capillaries of the pia mater covered by ependymal cells called.

A

Choroid plexuses

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11
Q

After exchanging substances, CSF is absorbed by the….

A

Arachnoid granulations

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12
Q

Volume of CSF at any time is… average

A

140mL

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13
Q

Brain forms from three vesicles (cavities)

A

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

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14
Q

Forebrain becomes (brain development)

A

Cerebrum
Basal nuclei
Diencephalon

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15
Q

Mesencephalon remains (brain development)

A

Midbrain

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16
Q

Hindbrain becomes (brain development)

A

Cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata

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17
Q

Major portions of the adult brain

A

Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Cerebellum
Brain stem

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18
Q

Largest part of the brain

A

Cerebrum

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19
Q

Cerebrum is separated into two halves, separated by falx cerebri

A

Cerebral hemispheres

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20
Q

Connects cerebral hemispheres of cerebrum

A

Corpus callosum

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21
Q

Ridges and convolutions of cerebrum

A

Gyri

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22
Q

Shallow grooves in surface; example: central sulcus

A

Sulci

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23
Q

Deep grooves in surface of cerebrum

A

Fissures

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24
Q

Fissures that separate cerebral into two hemispheres

A

Longitudinal

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25
Fissures that separate cerebrum from cerebellum
Transverse
26
Five lobes of cerebral hemispheres
Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe Insula(island of real) deep within lateral sulcus
27
Responsible for higher mental functions, seat of intelligence and personality
Cerebral cortex
28
Sensory areas of the Cortex (6)
Cutaneous sensory area Sensory speech area (wernicke’s) Visual area Auditory area Sensory area for taste Sensory area for smell
29
Parietal lobe, interprets sensation on skin
Cutaneous sensory area
30
Temporal/parietal lobe, usually left hemisphere, understanding and formulating language
Sensory speech area(Wernicke’s area)
31
Occipital lobe, interprets vision
Visual area
32
Temporal lobe, interprets hearing
Auditory area
33
Near base of the central sulcus, includes part of insula
Sensory area for taste
34
Arises from centers deep within temporal lobes
Sensory area for smell
35
Association areas of the cortex (8)
Frontal lobe association areas Parietal lobe association areas Temporal lobe association areas Occipital lobe association areas Insula Primary motor areas Broca’s area Frontal eye field
36
Lobe associated with concentrating, planning, complex problem solving; emotional behavior, judging consequences of behavior
Frontal lobe
37
Lobe associated with understanding speech, choosing words to express throughs and feelings
Parietal lobe
38
Lobe associated with interpreting complex sensory experiences( understanding speech, reading); store memories of visual scenes, music, and complex patterns
Temporal
39
Lobe associated with analyzing and combining visual images with other sensory experiences
Occipital
40
Area of Cortex associated with translating sensory information into proper emotional responses
Insula
41
Three motor areas of the cortex
Primary motor area (motor cortex) Broca’s area Frontal eye field
42
Frontal lobes, control voluntary muscles, most nerve fibers cross over in brainstem (motor area of cortex)
Primary motor area (motor cortex)
43
Anterior to primary motor cortex, usually I left hemisphere, controls muscles needed for speech (motor areas of cortex)
Broca’s area
44
Above Broca’s area, controls voluntary movement of eyes and eyelids
Frontal eye field
45
Hemisphere dominant in most people?
Left hemisphere
46
Controls language skills of speech writing and reading; verbal analytical and computational skills (dom/non dom hem)
Dominant hemisphere
47
Controls non-verbal task, motor tasks involving orientation and space, understanding and interpreting musical and visual patterns, provides emotional and intuitive thought processes. (Dom/no dom hem) 
Non-dominant hemisphere
48
Two major components of the diencephalon
Thalamus and hypothalamus
49
Gateway for sensory impulses ascending to cerebral cortex. Receives all sensory impulses except for Smell. Director of impulses
Thalamus
50
Maintains homeostasis by regulating visceral activities such as heart rate BP body temp water and electrolyte balance etc.
Hypothalamus
51
Controls emotional responses feelings behavior oriented towards survival; reacts to potentially life-threatening upsets
Limbic system
52
Connects brain to spinal cord
Brainstem
53
Brainstem consists of
Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata
54
Rounded bulge on underside of brain stem. Between mid brain and medulla oblongata. Helps regulate rhythm of breathing
Pons
55
Enlarged continuation of spinal cord. Contains cardiac vasomotor and respiratory control centers. Injuries are often fatal
Medulla oblongata
56
 Filters incoming sensory information passing some to cerebral cortex and discarding unimportant information nerve fibers scattered throughout brain stem. Also called reticular activating system
Reticular formation
57
Sleep that is restful and dreamless. Reduce blood pressure and respiratory rate. Person is tired.
Non-rapid eye movement sleep (Nonrem)
58
Dreaming occurs deep sleep between 3 and 5 AM. Heart and respiratory rates irregular. Some areas of brain are active.
Rapid eye movement sleep REM
59
Extends downward through vertebral canal. Begins at the foramen magnum and terminates at the first and second lumbar vertebrae space. Consist of 31 segments each giving rise to a pair of spinal nerves
Spinal cord
60
Helps maintain an upright posture. Contains two neurons sensory and motor. Has only one synapse in spinal cord. Examples patellar or knee-jerk reflex
Monosynaptic stretch reflex
61
Occurs when a person touches or stepped on something painful example Tac. Prevent or limits tissue damage
Withdrawal reflex
62
During withdrawal reflex flexors unaffected side contract and extensors are inhibited. Also shifts body weight so person remains upright
Crossed extensor reflex
63
 Loose connective tissue that surrounds individual axons
Endoneurium
64
Loose connective tissue that surrounds fascicles
Perineurium
65
Dense connective tissue that surrounds a group of fascicles
Epineurium
66
Conduct impulses into brain or spinal cord. Type of nerve fiber classification
Sensory nerves
67
Conduct impulses to muscles or glands. Type of nerve fiber classification
Motor nerves
68
Contain both sensory and motor nerve fibers. Most are this. All spinal nerves are this except first pair
Mixed nerves
69
Type of nerve that is associated with special senses most are mixed nerves 12 pairs on underside of brain. Most are attached to the brainstem with the exception of two
Cranial nerves
70
 Prepares the body for fight or flight situation
 Sympathetic division
71
Prepares the body for rest and digest activities
Parasympathetic division
72
Number of spinal nerves
31

A&P Chapters 9-11 (5 decks)

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