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A&P Chapters 9-11 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Master regulatory system, sends and receives information, maintains homeostasis, acts as center for thought, learning, and memory

A

Nervous system

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2
Q

Main cell types of nervous system

A

Neurons(nerve cells)
Neuroglia

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3
Q

detects changes

A

Sensory input

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4
Q

Makes decisions

A

Integration and processing

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5
Q

Stimulates muscle and glands to respond

A

Motor output

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6
Q

Responds quickly to change/stimuli, conducts electrical impulses via neurotransmitters

A

Neurons

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7
Q

Protects, supports, insulates, and nourishes neurons; does not conduct electrical impulses

A

Neuroglia

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8
Q

Only the brain and spinal cord makes up

A

Central nervous system

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9
Q

Connects CNS to other body parts, consists of cranial and spinal nerves

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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10
Q

Two subdivisions of PNS

A

Afferent (sensory)
Efferent (motor)

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11
Q

Afferent

A

Sensory

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12
Q

Efferent

A

Motor

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13
Q

Two divisions of motor

A

Somatic
Autonomic

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14
Q

Transmits voluntary commands to skeletal muscles

A

Somatic

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15
Q

Transmits involuntary commands to viscera

A

Autonomic

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16
Q

Three parts of neuron

A

Cell body( soma, perikaryon)
Dendrite
Axon

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17
Q

Contains nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles, neurofilaments, chromatophillic substance (Nissl Bodies)

A

Cell body (soma or perikaryon)

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18
Q

Branched receptive surfaces; a neuron may have many

A

Dendrites

19
Q

Transmits impulses and releases neurotransmitters to another neuron or effector(another neuron, a muscle cell, or a gland cell); a neuron may have only one axon

A

Axon

20
Q

Neuroglia of the PNS that wrap around some axons in layers

A

Schwann cells

21
Q

Mixture of fats and proteins that fill layers made by Schwann cell membranes

A

Myelin

22
Q

A wrapped coating around some PNS axons, composed of layers of Schwann cell membranes and myelin; acts as electrical insulator

A

Myelin sheath

23
Q

Gaps in myelin sheath between Schwann cells

A

Nodes of raniver

24
Q

Myelinated axons in PNS produced by

A

Schwann cells

25
Q

Myelinated axons in CNS produced by

A

Oligondendrocytes
Comprise white matter
Only brain and spinal cord

26
Q

Encased by Schwann cells cytoplasm in PNS, but there is no wrapped coating of myelin surrounding the axons

Groups of this in CNS comprise grey matter

A

Unmyelinated axons

27
Q

Many processes extend from cell body
99% of neurons
Most neurons of CNS, some in autonomic NS

(Classification of neuron)

A

Multipolar neurons

28
Q

Two processes extend from cell body(1 dendrite, 1 axon)

Not that common

Eyes, ears, nose
(Classification of neurons )

A

Bipolar neurons

29
Q

Three classifications of neurons

A

Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar (pseudounipolar)

30
Q

Four neuroglia of the CNS

A

Astrocytes
Oligondendrocytes
Microglia
Ependyma or ependymal cells

31
Q

Form scar tissue, aid metabolism of certain substances, regulate ion concentrations, as k+, part of blood brain barrier

A

Astrocytes

32
Q

Myelinate CNS axons, also provide structural support

A

Oligodendrocytes

33
Q

Phagocytic cells; also provide structural support

A

Microglia

34
Q

Line central canal of spinal cord & ventricles of brain, cover choroid plexuses

Help regulate composition of cerebrospinal fluid

Ciliated cuboidal or columnar cells

A

Ependyma or ependymal cells

35
Q

Support clusters of neuron cell bodies (ganglia)
Nourish and balance ionic concentrations

A

Satellite cells

36
Q

Neurons communicate with each other at

A

Synapse

37
Q

(Synapse). Neuron sends impulse

A

Presynaptic

38
Q

(Synapse). Neuron receives impulse

A

Postsynaptic

39
Q

Produced in the rough ER or cytoplasm

A

Neurotransmitter

40
Q

Increase permeability to Na+ ions, bring membrane closer to threshold; increase likelihood of generating impulses (neurotransmitter)

A

Excitatory neurotransmitter

41
Q

Move membrane farther from threshold, decrease likelihood of generating impulses (neurotransmitter)

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

42
Q

Groups of interneurons that make synaptic connections with each other, and are located completely within the CNS

Interneurons work together to perform a common function

Each pool receives input from other neurons and generates output to other neurons

A

Neuronal pools

43
Q

One neuron receives input from several neurons

A

Convergence

44
Q

One neuron sends impulses to several neurons, via branching of its axon, can amplify impulse

A

Divergence

A&P Chapters 9-11 (5 decks)

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