Chapter 10

Question 1

Master regulatory system, sends and receives information, maintains homeostasis, acts as center for thought, learning, and memory

Answer 1

Nervous system

Question 2

Main cell types of nervous system

Answer 2

Neurons(nerve cells)
Neuroglia

Question 3

detects changes

Answer 3

Sensory input

Question 4

Makes decisions

Answer 4

Integration and processing

Question 5

Stimulates muscle and glands to respond

Answer 5

Motor output

Question 6

Responds quickly to change/stimuli, conducts electrical impulses via neurotransmitters

Answer 6

Neurons

Question 7

Protects, supports, insulates, and nourishes neurons; does not conduct electrical impulses

Answer 7

Neuroglia

Question 8

Only the brain and spinal cord makes up

Answer 8

Central nervous system

Question 9

Connects CNS to other body parts, consists of cranial and spinal nerves

Answer 9

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 10

Two subdivisions of PNS

Answer 10

Afferent (sensory)
Efferent (motor)

Question 11

Afferent

Answer 11

Sensory

Question 12

Efferent

Answer 12

Motor

Question 13

Two divisions of motor

Answer 13

Somatic
Autonomic

Question 14

Transmits voluntary commands to skeletal muscles

Answer 14

Somatic

Question 15

Transmits involuntary commands to viscera

Answer 15

Autonomic

Question 16

Three parts of neuron

Answer 16

Cell body( soma, perikaryon)
Dendrite
Axon

Question 17

Contains nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles, neurofilaments, chromatophillic substance (Nissl Bodies)

Answer 17

Cell body (soma or perikaryon)

Question 18

Branched receptive surfaces; a neuron may have many

Answer 18

Dendrites

Question 19

Transmits impulses and releases neurotransmitters to another neuron or effector(another neuron, a muscle cell, or a gland cell); a neuron may have only one axon

Answer 19

Axon

Question 20

Neuroglia of the PNS that wrap around some axons in layers

Answer 20

Schwann cells

Question 21

Mixture of fats and proteins that fill layers made by Schwann cell membranes

Answer 21

Myelin

Question 22

A wrapped coating around some PNS axons, composed of layers of Schwann cell membranes and myelin; acts as electrical insulator

Answer 22

Myelin sheath

Question 23

Gaps in myelin sheath between Schwann cells

Answer 23

Nodes of raniver

Question 24

Myelinated axons in PNS produced by

Answer 24

Schwann cells

Question 25

Myelinated axons in CNS produced by

Answer 25

Oligondendrocytes Comprise white matter Only brain and spinal cord

Question 26

Encased by Schwann cells cytoplasm in PNS, but there is no wrapped coating of myelin surrounding the axons Groups of this in CNS comprise grey matter

Answer 26

Unmyelinated axons

Question 27

Many processes extend from cell body 99% of neurons Most neurons of CNS, some in autonomic NS (Classification of neuron)

Answer 27

Multipolar neurons

Question 28

Two processes extend from cell body(1 dendrite, 1 axon) Not that common Eyes, ears, nose (Classification of neurons )

Answer 28

Bipolar neurons

Question 29

Three classifications of neurons

Answer 29

Multipolar Bipolar Unipolar (pseudounipolar)

Question 30

Four neuroglia of the CNS

Answer 30

Astrocytes Oligondendrocytes Microglia Ependyma or ependymal cells

Question 31

Form scar tissue, aid metabolism of certain substances, regulate ion concentrations, as k+, part of blood brain barrier

Answer 31

Astrocytes

Question 32

Myelinate CNS axons, also provide structural support

Answer 32

Oligodendrocytes

Question 33

Phagocytic cells; also provide structural support

Answer 33

Microglia

Question 34

Line central canal of spinal cord & ventricles of brain, cover choroid plexuses Help regulate composition of cerebrospinal fluid Ciliated cuboidal or columnar cells

Answer 34

Ependyma or ependymal cells

Question 35

Support clusters of neuron cell bodies (ganglia) Nourish and balance ionic concentrations

Answer 35

Satellite cells

Question 36

Neurons communicate with each other at

Answer 36

Synapse

Question 37

(Synapse). Neuron sends impulse

Answer 37

Presynaptic

Question 38

(Synapse). Neuron receives impulse

Answer 38

Postsynaptic

Question 39

Produced in the rough ER or cytoplasm

Answer 39

Neurotransmitter

Question 40

Increase permeability to Na+ ions, bring membrane closer to threshold; increase likelihood of generating impulses (neurotransmitter)

Answer 40

Excitatory neurotransmitter

Question 41

Move membrane farther from threshold, decrease likelihood of generating impulses (neurotransmitter)

Answer 41

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

Question 42

Groups of interneurons that make synaptic connections with each other, and are located completely within the CNS Interneurons work together to perform a common function Each pool receives input from other neurons and generates output to other neurons

Answer 42

Neuronal pools

Question 43

One neuron receives input from several neurons

Answer 43

Convergence

Question 44

One neuron sends impulses to several neurons, via branching of its axon, can amplify impulse

Answer 44

Divergence