What is a personality trait vs type vs state ?
- Trait: a distinguishable, enduring way in which an individual varies from another (context is important)
- Type: a constellation of traits that are similar in pattern that make up a person
- State: a temporary less enduring trait that
What are 4 main purposes of personality assessments ?
- Categorizing different kinds of commitment in relationships
- Facilitating hiring or demoting in jobs
- Tracking trait development overtime
- For diagnostic criteria
Describe self-report assessments
- These can be in the format of a diary, journal or an item test where the assessed themself provides information on their self-concept
- These are used to access private or personal information and when the individual is motivated to respond
What are 3 collateral report errors?
- Leniency error: the extent to which the rater ranges in their response
- Error of central tendency: the tendency to rate everyone near the midpoint of the scale
- Halo effect: rating the individual in a more favorable way
What are 4 ways the structure of an assessment can vary ?
- The scope: broad vs narrow
- The method used: can be an interview, a paper+pencil test, behavioral observation etc.
- The basis: can be theory based or date-driven
- The degree of structure: can be structured and unambiguous or the opposite
What is the data reduction methods ?
works to identify the minimum amount of variables that account for the intercorrelations of an observed behavior
What is a criterion group ?
A group of test takers known to possess a specific characteristic who’s test responses serve as the standard for items to be included or not in a test
What is the nomothetic vs idiographic approach to scoring ?
- Nomothetic: Looks at how a small amount of traits can be applied to people universally
- Idiographic: looks at each individuals unique constellation of traits
What is the normative vs ipsative approach to scoring ?
- Normative: looks at test takers responses relative to the strength of that trait in a larger population
- Ipsative: looks at the test takers responses relative to other traits possessed by the individual
What is acculturation ?
a process by which an individuals thoughts, behaviors or values develop in relation to the collective thoughts, behaviors or values of a specific culture
