Chapter 11 Flashcards
1) A motivation to bond with others in relationships that provide ongoing, positive interactions is:
A) association anxiety. B) the need for attachment. C) the need to belong. D) affiliative predisposition.
C
2) After learning about a former co-worker who recently passed away due to cancer, you call a loved one. In the context of attraction and intimacy, this is an example of how reminders of death:
A) make us depressed. B) encourage solitude. C) heighten our need to belong. D) cause social tension.
C
3) A research among 5,000 participants from dozens of countries found that when ostracized during a Web-based game, players were _____ to conform to others’ wrong judgments on a subsequent perceptual task.
A) less likely B) more likely C) not willing D) too hesitant
B
4) You are a regular contributor to an online chat room. One day, the other participants ignore every comment you make. Research on cyberostracism suggests you will likely:
A) send rude and nasty comments to the chat room participants. B) become more independent and less conforming to others than earlier. C) lash out at your younger sibling once you finish your chat session. D) experience stress and will be depressed.
D
5) Which of the following statements is true of the human need to belong?
A) Humans tend to be healthier and happier when their need to belong is met. B) With close, intimate relationships, humans tend to be weakened. C) Humans in very few cultures use ostracism to regulate behavior. D) Humans pursue belonging when they have it and seek more when their needs are fulfilled.
A
6) Social ostracism evokes a brain response similar to that triggered by:
A) psychosis. B) physical pain. C) feelings of love. D) panic attacks.
B
7) Functional distance refers to:
A) the natural geographic route between two locations. B) how often people meet their loved ones. C) how often people's paths cross. D) the direction and route of travel one undertakes when deliberately seeking out a given person.
C
8) One factor that will increase the likelihood that a friendship between two people will develop is:
A) behavioral confirmation. B) how often their paths cross. C) avoiding repetitious exposure. D) gender.
B
9) Research on proximity and social attraction generally supports the view that:
A) proximity merely breeds contempt. B) proximity leads to liking. C) proximity leads to affection and animosity with equal frequency. D) distance makes the heart grow fonder.
B
10) Research suggests that randomly assigned college roommates who interact frequently:
A) will most likely become friends. B) will likely be unhappy about the assignment and come to dislike each other. C) are as likely to become enemies as they are to become friends. D) will show initial attraction that will fade over time.
A
11) If you are new in office and want to make friends, your best bet is to get a desk:
A) that is smaller than that of anyone else. B) in the quietest corner of the office. C) near the coffeepot. D) next to the air conditioner.
C
12) Samuel, a young college freshman, is new to the town where he will live for the next four years. He does not know anyone at college. According to the architecture of friendship, who among the following will Samuel most likely befriend?
A) Gavin, who is his new college roommate B) Gabriel, who attends a different college C) Mason, who stays two doors away D) Anthony, who lives in a different dormitory
A
13) Darley and Berscheid (1967) gave university women ambiguous information about two other women. Asked how much they liked these people, the participants reported feeling attracted to the person whom they:
A) expected they would probably not meet. B) expected they would eventually meet. C) had read about first. D) had read about second.
B
14) Anticipatory liking, expecting that someone will be pleasant and compatible, increases the chance of:
A) becoming involved in an inequitable relationship. B) a dysfunctional, co-dependent relationship. C) being exploited in the early stages of a relationship. D) forming a rewarding relationship.
D
15) The tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more after repeated exposure to them is referred to as:
A) the mere exposure effect. B) the novelty phenomenon. C) display liking. D) the effect of repetition.
A
16) The fact that people prefer letters appearing in their own names illustrates the:
A) belongingness effect. B) proximity effect. C) mere-exposure effect. D) matching effect.
C
17) Zoe, a young girl, lives in an apartment with her boyfriend, Luke. She does not like jazz music. However, Luke loves jazz and plays music loudly whenever he is home. Gradually, she develops an interest in jazz. Zoe liking jazz is most likely due to ________ in this scenario.
A) the proximity effect B) the belongingness effect C) the spotlight effect D) the mere-exposure effect
D
18) In an experiment by Zajonc and his colleagues, participants were exposed to brief novel passages of music while they focused their attention on other tasks. Results indicated that mere exposure led to liking:
A) only when the exposed stimulus was task related. B) only when people were consciously attending to the exposed stimulus. C) even when people were unaware of what they had been exposed to. D) unless background stimuli created a distraction and interfered with the processing of the task.
C
19) On the basis of his research on the mere-exposure effect, Robert Zajonc (1980) argued that our emotions are often more ________ than our thinking.
A) sophisticated B) instantaneous C) subtle D) complex
B
20) Even when people have no strong feelings about a product or a candidate, ________ alone can increase sales or votes.
A) proximity B) perception C) repetition D) appearance
C
21) You feel obligated to vote in the next election, especially, because you are usually the first one to complain about the incumbent president. However, you did not have the time to research the positions taken by the candidates. Social psychologists would confidently predict that you are likely to choose the candidate:
A) whom you find physically attractive. B) whose name you have heard most often. C) who resembles someone you know. D) who resembles someone you like.
B
22) A stranger rides the same bus you do to school every day. According to the mere-exposure effect, as the days pass, you are most likely to view the stranger:
A) merely as another student. B) unfavorably. C) critically. D) favorably.
D
23) Implicit egotism is our tendency to:
A) like things that are liked by others. B) make friends with people older than us. C) prefer attractive people. D) like what we associate with ourselves.
D
24) Which of the following is an example of implicit egotism?
A) People are less likely to marry someone whose first or last name resembles their own than those with other names. B) Virginia Beach has a disproportionate number of people named Virginia. C) People want to name their children after family members. D) People are less attracted to people whose arbitrary experimental code number resembles their birth date than others.
B
25) Who among your friends is most likely to prefer a mate who is homely and warm over one who is attractive and cold?
A) your teenage brother B) your middle-aged co-worker Ben C) your best friend Carol D) your classmate Tom
C
26) In the context of attractiveness and dating, which of the following is true of the findings of a worldwide BBC Internet survey of nearly 220,000 people?
A) Men more than women ranked attractiveness as important in a mate. B) Men more than women assigned importance to honesty, humor, kindness, and dependability. C) The husband's physical attractiveness predicted the wife's marital satisfaction. D) Lesbian and straight women valued appearances more than gay or straight men did.
A
27) Hatfield and her colleagues (1966) matched University of Minnesota first-year students for a Welcome Week dance. When the students were asked to evaluate their dates, what determined whether they liked each other?
A) the similarity of values B) the similarity of academic competence C) physical attractiveness D) common family background
C
28) The most responses to personal advertisements are likely to be received by ________.
A) Mark because he emphasizes his physical attractiveness B) Bill because he emphasizes his income and education C) David because he emphasizes his kind and sensitive nature D) Tony because he emphasizes his athletic accomplishments
B
29) Rosalinda, who is attractive, intelligent, and high in social status, marries Jorge. He is also attractive, intelligent, and has a high social status. Their relationship is best understood as an example of:
A) the ingratiation effect. B) complementarity. C) the mere-exposure effect. D) the matching phenomenon.
D
30) Kevin, a young, vibrant, Michelin star chef, makes innovative dishes for his customers. His girlfriend, Aubrey, is a successful pastry chef. He wishes to marry her as she has a similar outlook toward life as he does. In the context of physical attractiveness, which of the following is most likely exhibited in this scenario by Kevin and Aubrey?
A) the matching phenomenon B) the mere-exposure effect C) complementarity D) the ingratiation effect
A
31) Timothy, a brilliant investment banker, makes millions each year. He marries a beautiful, young supermodel. In the context of physical attractiveness, Timothy and his wife most likely exhibit ________ in this scenario.
A) the mere-exposure effect B) the matching phenomenon C) the spotlight effect D) the ingratiation effect
B
32) When people describe themselves in personal advertisements, women often offer ________ and seek ________.
A) companionship; attractiveness B) attractiveness; status C) status; companionship D) commitment; excitement
B
33) Research has shown that other things being equal, we guess ________ people are happier, sexually warmer, more outgoing, and more successful than others.
A) friendly B) beautiful C) intelligent D) funny
B
34) Which of the following best expresses the meaning of the physical-attractiveness stereotype?
A) What is beautiful is good. B) What is beautiful is unpredictable. C) What is beautiful is superficial. D) What is beautiful is untouchable.
A
35) Kylie, a young professional, is in love with her colleague, Josh who is a handsome and athletic man. She assumes that he possesses other socially desirable characters, too. Kylie most likely exemplifies ________ in this scenario.
A) an anxious attachment style B) the overjustification effect C) a physical-attractiveness stereotype D) an illusion of transparency
C
36) Benjamin, a young doctor, marries a pretty girl. He assumes that she would also be very kind. Gradually, he realizes that she does not possess other socially desirable traits. Which of the following does Benjamin most likely possess in this scenario?
A) pluralistic ignorance B) a physical-attractiveness stereotype C) the overjustification effect D) an illusion of transparency
B
37) Kalick (1977) had Harvard students rate their impressions of eight women based on profile photographs taken before or after cosmetic surgery and found that:
A) pre-surgery women were judged to be more genuine, honest, and appealing. B) post-surgery women were judged to be kinder and more likable. C) pre-surgery women were judged to be more intelligent and competent. D) post-surgery women were judged to be more independent and insensitive.
B
38) In the context of the physical-attractiveness stereotype, which of the following is true of first impressions?
A) Attractiveness better predicts happiness and social connections for those in rural rather than urban settings. B) The attractiveness effect is weakest when people's choices are superficially made. C) They suggest that physical appearance always outranks other human qualities. D) They have become more important than before as societies have become increasingly mobile and urbanized.
D
39) Ruth is quite attractive (a 4 on a 5-point scale), but Naomi is strikingly attractive (a 5 on a 5-point scale). Research suggests that if Ruth earns $35,000 a year, Naomi will probably make ________ doing the same job.
A) slightly less money B) the same amount C) more money D) significantly less money
C
40) According to Langlois et al., which of the following is true of physically attractive people when compared with other people?
A) They tend to be more popular. B) They tend to be more humorous. C) They tend to be less outgoing. D) They tend to be less gender-typed.
A
41) Which of the following is true of the research that digitized multiple faces and averaged them using a computer?
A) Averaged faces and bodies tend to be perfectly symmetrical, a characteristic of attractive people. B) People find the composite faces less appealing than almost all the actual faces. C) An average leg-length-to-body ratio looks less attractive than very short or long legs. D) Averaged looks least embody prototypes and thus are difficult for the brain to process and categorize.
A
42) Psychologists working from the evolutionary perspective explain the human preference for attractive partners in terms of:
A) high energy. B) social acceptance. C) reproductive capacity. D) maturity and dominance.
C
43) Kenrick and his colleagues (1989) found that compared with men who have recently been gazing at centerfolds, average women or even their own wives seem ________.
A) more passionate B) extremely beautiful C) less attractive D) very feminine
C
44) In the context of physical-attractiveness stereotypes, which of the following is true of those who people are in love with?
A) The more in love a woman is with a man, the more physically attractive she finds him. B) The more in love people are, the more attractive they find all others of the opposite sex. C) The more similar someone's attitudes are to a person's, the less he or she likes the other person. D) If dissimilar attitudes pertain to one's strong moral convictions, a person likes them all the more.
A
45) Jen is more in love with Stan today than the day she married him. According to research on the relationship between love and perceived attractiveness, ________.
A) Jen probably finds Stan to be more attractive today than the day she married him B) Jen probably finds Stan to be less attractive today than the day she married him C) Stan probably finds Jen less attractive today than the day he married her D) Stan and Jen probably see each other as equally attractive
A
46) At a party, Ellie meets Rob and Blake. The three get involved in a philosophical discussion that lasts through the evening. By the end of the evening, Ellie discovers that Blake and she share the same viewpoints, whereas Rob and she see things differently. All else being equal, Ellie will probably like:
A) Rob better. B) Blake better. C) Rob and Blake equally. D) neither Rob nor Blake.
B
47) Spouses are more likely than randomly paired people to share common attitudes, beliefs, and values. The ________ the similarity, the ________ they are.
A) greater; happier B) greater; healthier C) lesser; healthier D) lesser; happier
A
48) In a study of whether or not mimicry increases rapport, Rick van Baaren and his colleagues (2003) found that restaurant servers earned high tips if they:
A) agreed with their customers. B) possessed similar degrees of physical attractiveness. C) had common interests. D) repeated customers' orders.
D
49) The relationship between mimicry and rapport is:
A) positive. B) negative. C) neutral. D) curvilinear.
A
50) In the context of similarity versus complementarity, according to research conclusions drawn by Singh and his colleagues (2000), which of the following is true?
A) Dissimilar attitudes depress liking more than similar attitudes enhance liking. B) Similar attitudes depress liking more than dissimilar attitudes enhance liking. C) Dissimilar and similar attitudes are equally powerful. D) Attitudes have little effect on liking.
A
51) Brent is a White man and has been given a choice to work with Darwin or Ken. Darwin is a Black man who shares many of Brent’s values and attitudes, and Ken is a White man who shares little in common with Brent. With whom is Brent more likely to work?
A) Darwin B) Ken C) All else being equal, his liking will be equally high for both Darwin and Ken. D) Brent will probably choose to work alone.
A
