Chapter 11 Flashcards
Polymer
molecule made up of repeating units called monomers
Dna located?
Nucleus and mitochondria
dna structure
backbone
double helix
deoxyribose and phosphates
base pairs
adenine
thymine
cytosine
guanine
number of chromosomes
pairs?
46
23
how many copies of a gene does a person have
2
Allele
Form of a particular gene at a particular locus in the genome
Sequence polymorphism
two sequences are the same except at one pair
length polymorphism
series of base pairs that are repeated
Restriction fragment length polymorphism
first method
dna extracted then severed into small minisatellites using restriction enzymes
target VNTRS
VNTR
how viewed?
Gel electrophoresis used to separate fragments to determine length
probe hybridization
Southern blotting
transfer dna onto rugged nylon membrane
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
increase amount of dna by amplification
how PCR works
and where
polymerase chain reaction makes copies of dna using polymerase enzymes
thermal cycler
Short tandem repeats
Microsatellites repeating units containing 2-6 pairs
denaturation
bonds break between base bases resulting in single-stranded dna
Annealing
attaching dna primer to each separated strands
extension
Taq polymerase enzyme, single bases are added to primer
Amelogenin
locus on each sex determination chromosome
male vs female locus count
6 longer in males
mtDNA
shape?
regions?
circular
contains noncoding region w two hyper variable regions
term for match
genetic concordance
degradation
UV light, humidity, oxidizing agents
CODIS
how many loci?
set of local, state, and national databases of dna profiles
13
