Chapter 11

Question 1

Polymer

Answer 1

molecule made up of repeating units called monomers

Question 2

Dna located?

Answer 2

Nucleus and mitochondria

Question 3

dna structure

backbone

Answer 3

double helix

deoxyribose and phosphates

Question 4

base pairs

Answer 4

adenine
thymine
cytosine
guanine

Question 5

number of chromosomes

pairs?

Answer 5

46

23

Question 6

how many copies of a gene does a person have

Answer 6

2

Question 7

Allele

Answer 7

Form of a particular gene at a particular locus in the genome

Question 8

Sequence polymorphism

Answer 8

two sequences are the same except at one pair

Question 9

length polymorphism

Answer 9

series of base pairs that are repeated

Question 10

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

Answer 10

first method
dna extracted then severed into small minisatellites using restriction enzymes
target VNTRS

Question 11

VNTR

how viewed?

Answer 11

Gel electrophoresis used to separate fragments to determine length
probe hybridization

Question 12

Southern blotting

Answer 12

transfer dna onto rugged nylon membrane

Question 13

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer 13

increase amount of dna by amplification

Question 14

how PCR works

and where

Answer 14

polymerase chain reaction makes copies of dna using polymerase enzymes
thermal cycler

Question 15

Short tandem repeats

Answer 15

Microsatellites repeating units containing 2-6 pairs

Question 16

denaturation

Answer 16

bonds break between base bases resulting in single-stranded dna

Question 17

Annealing

Answer 17

attaching dna primer to each separated strands

Question 18

extension

Answer 18

Taq polymerase enzyme, single bases are added to primer

Question 19

Amelogenin

Answer 19

locus on each sex determination chromosome

Question 20

male vs female locus count

Answer 20

6 longer in males

Question 21

mtDNA
shape?
regions?

Answer 21

circular

contains noncoding region w two hyper variable regions

Question 22

term for match

Answer 22

genetic concordance

Question 23

degradation

Answer 23

UV light, humidity, oxidizing agents

Question 24

CODIS

how many loci?

Answer 24

set of local, state, and national databases of dna profiles

13