Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

8: Respiratory System > Chapter 101 Larynx > Flashcards

Chapter 101 Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

Label the diagram:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the six cartilages of the larynx

A
  1. Epiglottis
  2. Thyroid
  3. Cricoid
  4. Arytenoid
  5. Inter-arytenoid (between arytenoid cartilages and cricoid, caudo-dorsal to sesamoid)
  6. Sesamoid (connecting corniculate processes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which two nerves innervate the thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus muscles? (both muscles innervated by same two nerves)

A

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and vagus (CN X)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • Which muscle is responsible for abducting the arytenoid to open glottis?
  • Where does it insert?
  • How is it innervated?
A
  • Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis
  • Muscular process of arytenoid
  • Caudal laryngeal nerve (terminal segment of recurrent laryngeal) provides motor supply to all intrinsic laryngeal muscles except cricothyroideus

(Cranial laryngeal n (branch of vagus) supplies cricothyroid m.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Label the diagram:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the bones of the hyoid apparatus, from craniodorsal to caudoventral.

Which is un-paired?

A

Stylohyoid

Epihyoid

Ceratohyoid

Basihyoid (unpaired)

Thyrohyoid

“Sick Elephants Can Be Treated”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the blood supply to the larynx?

A

Cranial and caudal thyroid arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List 3 differences between dog and cat larynx:

A
  • Cats lack corniculate and cuneiform processes
  • Cats lack ventricles
  • Cats have thick rounded vocal folds
  • Cats lack true aryepiglottic fold
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three functions of the larynx?

A
  • Block laryngeal opening during swallowing
  • Control airway resistance
  • Voice production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In cats, what are the two most common types of laryngeal neoplasia?

List 3 other types that have been reported:

A

Lymphoma and SCC most common

Adenocarcinoma, invasive ectopic thyroid, round cell reported

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List 8 types of laryngeal neoplasia reported in dogs

A
  • Adenocarcinoma
  • SCC
  • Rhabdomyoma
  • Rhabdomyosarcoma
  • Osteosarc
  • Chondrosarc
  • Fibrosarc
  • MCT
  • Plasmacytoma
  • Granular cell myoblastoma

N.B. Not lymphoma!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List three methods of excision of laryngeal neoplasia:

A
  • Local excision
  • Partial laryngectomy (can be supported with rotatory door myocutaneous flap based on sternohyoid m and cr thyroid artery i..e scrape epidermis to remove hair follicles then twist muscle 180° so skin facing intraluminally in larynx).
  • Total laryngectomy + permanent tracheostomy (consider gastrostomy for post-op management)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe stage I, II and II laryngeal collapse

A
  • Stage I, laryngeal saccule eversion.
  • Stage II, the cuneiform process of the arytenoid cartilage loses its rigidity and becomes medially displaced.
  • Stage III, the corniculate processes collapse, resulting in loss of the dorsal arch of the rima glottidis and subsequent airway obstruction.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What percentage of BOAS dogs present with pneumonia?

A

13.6%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List 3 surgical options for severe laryngeal collapse, above and beyond usual BOAS stuff.

A
  • Laryngeal tie-back (combined cricoarytenoid and thyroarytenoid)
  • Permanent tracheostomy
  • Partial arytenoidectomy (?if any literature exists re this. Swelling common advise temp trach)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where does the vagus nerve originate?

A

Caudal nucleus ambiguus

17
Q

List 4 common breeds for congenital laryngeal paralysis

A
  • Bouvier des Flanders (+ huskies = degeneratioon of neurons in nucleus ambiguus –> Wallerian degeneration of laryngeal nerves)
  • Bull Terriers
  • Dalmatians
  • Huskies
  • Rotties (neuronal vacuolation and axonal degeneration)

MAy see bilat pelvic limb foot drop due to cranial tibial muscle paralysis

18
Q

List 4 breeds that get aquired laryngeal paralysis

A
  • Labrador
  • Golden Retriever
  • St Bernard
  • Irish Setter
19
Q

List 5 possible causes of aquired laryngeal paralysis

A
  • Chronic endocrine disease
  • Chronic infectious disease
  • Immune mediated polyneuropathy
  • Idiopathic “polyneuropathy”
  • Trauma to vagus/recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Polyradiculoneuropathy
  • Organophosphate toxicity
  • Retropharyngeal infection
  • Rabies
  • SLE
  • Bronchogenic carcinoma
  • Brainstem lesion
  • Laryngeal myopathy
  • Paratracheal mass
20
Q

What is the most common clinical signsin cats with lar par?

A

Tachypnoea or dyspnoa

21
Q

What percentage of dogs with lar par are diagnosed with concurrent aspiration pneumonia?

And with pre-op pesophageal disease?

A
  1. 9% pneumonia
  2. 4% oesophageal disease

(both associated w increased risk of post-op complications)

22
Q

List 4 surgical procedures for management of lar par

A
  • Unilateral Arytenoid lateralization
  • Partial arytenoidectomy/laryngectomy (swelling common advise temp trach) - remove corniculate process + vocal cord
    • Transoral approach
    • Ventral laryngotomy approach. Benefits:
      • Allows mucosal apposition
      • Cricoarytenoid dorsalis and thyropharyngeus muscles undisturbed
  • Modified castellated laryngofissure
  • Permanent trach
23
Q

In what percentage of dogs undergoing unilateral cricoarytenoid lateralization is improvement seen?

A

90%

24
Q

List 5 possible complications of arytenoid lateralization

A
  • Aspiration pneumonia
  • Cartilage/suture breakage
  • On-going gagging/coughing/stridor/resp signs
  • Laryngeal webbing
  • GDV
  • Progression of neuro deterioration
  • Seroma
  • Intramural haematoma
25
Q

List 3 factors associated with development of complications after unilateral cricoarytenoid lateralization:

A
  • Pre-op aspiration pneumonia (post op occurs in 8-21%)
  • Post-op megaoesophagus (this also associated with death)
  • Tracheostomy tube
  • Presence of neurologic comorbidity (OR 4. Bookbinder, VetSurg, 2016)
26
Q

Which muscle is responsible for moving epiglottis ventrally? What is it’s innervation?

A

Hyoepiglotticus, innervated by hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

27
Q

How can epiglottic retroversion be diagnosed?

How is it treated?

A

Fluoroscopy, laryngoscopy.

Epiglottopexy. If that fails, partail epiglottectomy reported

(Mullins VETSURG 2020 reported fewer post op complications with epiglottectomy)

28
Q

Name an unusual potential component of BOAS, reported in 14 brachys and 5 Chow Chows

A

Displacment of glossoepiglottic mucosa (Schabbing, JAAHA 2017)

Tx: Likely resolved with usual BOAs treatment or can be resected + primary closure of mucosa.

8: Respiratory System (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions