Chapter 10: Tests of Intelligence Flashcards
Test’s Appeal
The Theory on which the test is based.
Ease with which the test can be administered
Ease with which the test can be scored
Ease with which results can be interpreted for a particular purpose
Adequacy and appropriateness of the norms
Acceptability of the published reliability and validity indices
Test’s Utility in terms of costs versus benefits
Test Administration
Adaptive testing
Adaptive Testing
Tailored Testing, Sequential Testing, Branched Testing, and Response-Contingent Testing; Tests tailored to the testtaker
Advantages of beginning an Intelligence Test or Subtest at an Optimal Level of Difficulty
Allows the test user to collect the maximum amount of information in the minimum amount of time
It facilities rapport
Minimizes the potential for examinee fatigue from being administered too many items
Routing Test
A task used to direct or route the examinee to a particular level of questions; purpose of the routing test is to direct an examinee to test items that have a high probability of being at an optimal level of difficulty
Teaching Items
designed to illustrate the task required and assure the examiner that the examinee understands
Floor
Lowest level of items on a subtest
Ceiling
Highest-level item on a subtest
Basal Level
Base-level criterion that must be met for testing on the subtest to continue
Ceiling Level
Said to have been reached and testing is discontinued
Testing the Limits
Procedure that involves administering test items beyond the level at which the test manual dictates discontinuance; employed when an examiner has reason to believe that an examinee can respond correctly to items at the hgiher level
Extra Test Behavior
The way the examinee copes with frustration, how the examinee reacts to items considered very easy, the amount of support the examinee seems to require, general approach to the task, behavioral observations that will supplement formal scores
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales: Fifth Edition
Designed for administration to asseess as young as 2 and as old as 85 (or older). Yields a number of composite scores, including a Full Scale IQ derived from the administration of 10 Subtests; has two routing scales
Ratio IQ
Ratio of the testtaker’s mental age divided by his or her chronologcal age, multiplied by 100 to eliminate decimals
Devliation IQ
Reflects a comparison of the performance of the individual with the performance of others of the same age in the standardization sample
Age Scales
Different items grouped by age
Point Scale
Test organized into subtests by category of item, not by age at which most testtakers are presumed capable of responding in the way that is keyed as correct
Psychometric Soundness of the SB5
Calculated coeficients were consistently high (0.97-0.98) across age groups; Test-retest reliability coefficient is high. Inter-scorer reliability coefficients reported in SB5 manual ranged from .74 to .97 with an overall median of .90. Content-related evidence of validity was established from expert input to empirical item analysis. Criterion-related evidence was presented in the form of both concurrent and predictive data. Predictive Validity evidenced by correlations with measures of achievement and detailed findings reported in the manual. Factor analytic studies were presented in support of the construct validity of the SB5.
Adaptive Testing
Testing individually tailored to the testtaker; also known as tailored testing, sequential testing, branched testing, and response-contingent testing; designed to mimic automatically what a wise examiner would do.
Advantage of beginning an intelligence test or subtest at an optimal level of difficulty
- It allows the test user to collect the maximum amount of information in the minimum amount of time.
- It facilitates rapport.
- It minimizes the potential for examinee fatigue from being administered two times.
Routing Test
A task used to direct or route the examinee to a particular level of questions; purpose is to direct or route the exainee to test items that have a high probability of being at an optimal level of difficulty.
Teaching items
Designed to illustrate the task required and assure the examiner that the examinee understands; not formally scored and performance on such items in no ways enters into calculations of any other scores
SB5 Information on Administration
Test items contained in 3 item books.
Book 1 contains the first two (routing) subtests. Scored and identifies appropriate start point in Book 2 & 3.
Book 2 have subtests labeled knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, and working memory.
Book 3 - starts at an appropriate level. Includes Fluid Reasoning, Quantitative Reasoning, Visual-Spacial Processing & Working Memory
Verbal Measure of Working Memory
Test called Memory for Sentences, in which the examinee’s task is to repeat brief phrases and sentences
NonVerbal Measure of Working Memory
Delayed Response; involves a totally different task, one remniscent of the shell game or the three card Monte
Subvocalize
Verbalizes in thought, not aloud
Basal Level
used to describe a subtest with reference to a specific testtaker’s performance
Scoring & Interpretation of SB5
Scores on individual items of the various subtests are tallied to yield raw scores on each of the various subtests. Scorer employs tables found in the manual to convert each of the raw subtest scores into a standard score. From the standard scores, composite scores are derived
David Wechsler
Designed a series of individually administered intelligence tests to assess the intellectual abilities of people from preschool to adulthood
Wechsler Tests
Point scales that yield deviation IQ’s with a mean of 100 (interpreted as average) and a standard deviation of 15; testtaker’s performance is compared with scores earned by others in the group; psychometrically sound
Wechsler Intelligence Tests
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) for ages 16 to 90 years and 11 months
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) for ages 6 through 16 years and 11 months
Wechsler Pre-school and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Third Edition (WPPSI-III) for ages 3 years to 7 years and 3 months
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV)
Most recent edition to the family of Wechsler adult scales; made up of subtests designed as core or supplemental
Core Subtest
Administered to obtain a composite score
Supplemental Subtest
Optional Subtest; used for purposes of providing additional clinical information or extending the number of abilities or processes sampled; contains ten core subtests, five supplemental subtests
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fourth Edition (WISC-IV)
Represented the downward extension of the W-B and incorporated many items contemplated for use in the W-B II; Adjusted for children
Process Score
Defined as an index designed to help understand the way testtaker processes various kinds of information
Cognitive Factors Measured in WISC-IV & SB5
WISC-IV -Working Memory, Processing Speed, Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Reasoning
SB5 - Working memory, Visual-Spatial Processing, Knowledge; Fluid Reasoning; Qualitative Reasoning
Nonverbal Factors Measured in WISC-IV & SB5
WISC-IV - Working memory, Processing Speed, Perceptual Reasoning
SB5 - Working Memory, Visual-Spatial Processing, Fluid Reasoning, Quantitative Reasoning, Knowledge
Wechsler Preschool & Primary Scale of Intelligence-Third Edition (WPPSI-III)
Pronounced whipsy; was the first major intelligence test that adequately sampled the total population of the US; designed, developed, & standardized especially for children under age 6.
Short Form
Refers to a test that has been abbreviated in length, typically to reduce the time needed for test administration, scoring, and interpretation
Reliability & Validity of Short Forms
Reduced, Find the time to administer the long form
Group Tests in Military
Army Alpha Test - for recruits who could read
Army Beta Test - for foreign-born recruits with poor knowledge of english or to illiterate recruits
Screening Tool
Instrument or procedure used to identify a particular trait or constellation of traits at a gross or imprecise level
Army Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB)
Administed to propective new recruits in all armed services; designed to help testtakers learn about their interests, abilities and personal preferences in relation to career opportunities in military and civilian settings
School ability Test
Group intelligence test; provides school personnel with valuable information for instruction-related activities and increased understanding of the individual pupil
Convergent Thinking
Deductive reasoning process that entails recall and consideration of facts as well as a series o logical judgments to narrow down solutions and eventually arrive at one solution
Guilford
Developed the Structure-Of-Intellect Model; drew a distinction between intellectual processes of convergent and divergent thinking
Divergent Thinking
Reasoning process in which thought is free to move in many different directions, making several solutions possible; requires flexibility of thought, originality, and imagination
