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Psychological Testing & Measurement > Chapter 1: Psychological Testing & Assessment > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Psychological Testing & Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Alfred Binet

A

Published a test designed to help place Paris schoolchildren in appropirate classes

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2
Q

Testing

A

Term used to refer to everything from the administration of a test to the interpretation of a test score

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3
Q

Assessment

A

Acknowledges that tests are only one type of tool used by professional assessors and that a test’s value is intimately linked to the knowledge, skill, and experience of the assessor

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4
Q

Psychological Assessment

A

Gathering and integration of psychology related dagta for the purpose of making a psychological evaluation that is accomplished through the use of tools such as tests, interviews, case studies, behavioral observation, and especially designed apparatuses and measurement procedures

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5
Q

Psychological Testing

A

The process of measureing psychology-related variables by means of devides or procedures designed to obtain a sample of behavior

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6
Q

Collaborative Psychological Assessment

A

The assessor and the assessee may work as partners from initial contact through feedback

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7
Q

Therapeutic Psychological Assessment

A

Collaborative approach to assessment; therapeutic self-discovery and new understandings are encouraged throughout the assessment process

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8
Q

Dynamic Assessment

A

Interactive approach to psychological assessment that usually follows a model of evaluation, intervention of some sort, and evaluation; used in school settings although it can be used in correctional, corporate, neuropsychological, clinical, and most any other setting as well

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9
Q

Test

A

Measuring device or procedure

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10
Q

Psychological Test

A

Refers to a device or procedure designed to measure variables related to psychology (intelligence, personality, aptitude, interests, attitudes, and values); involves analysis of a sample behavior

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11
Q

Content

A

Subject matter of the test; varies with the focus of the particular test

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12
Q

Format

A

Pertains to the form, plan, structure, arrangement, and layout of test items as well as to related considerations such as time limits; used to refer to the form in which a test is administered; may be software. form or structure of other evaluative tools and processes, such as the specific procedures used in obtaining a particular type of sample

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13
Q

Administration Procedure

A

May be one one-to-one basis, may require an active and knowledgeable test administration; may involve demonstration of various kinds of tasks on the part of the assessee as well as trained observation of an assessee’s performance

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14
Q

Scores

A

A code or summary statement, usually but not necessarily numerical in nature, that reflects and evaluation of performance on a test, task, interview, or some other sample behavior

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15
Q

Scoring

A

Process of assigning such evaluative codes or statements to performance on tests, tasks, interviews, or other behavior samples

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16
Q

Cut Score

A

Cutoff Score; Reference point, usually numerical, derived by judgment and used to divde a set of data into two or more classifications;

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17
Q

Psychometric Soundness

A

Technical quality of tests; used when referring to how consistently and how accurately a psychological test measures what it purports to measure

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18
Q

Psychometrics

A

Defined as the science of psychological measurement

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19
Q

Psychometric

A

Adjective which refers to how measurement that is psychological in nature

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20
Q

Psychometrist and Psychometrician

A

Refer to psychological test users

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21
Q

Psychometric Utility

A

The usefulness or practical value that a test or assessment technique has for a particular purpose

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22
Q

Measurement Procedures

A

Range from those widely labeled as tests to procedures that measurement experts might label with other, more specific terms (situational performance measures)

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23
Q

Interview

A

Tool of psychological assessment; Interviewer takes note not only of the content of what is said but also the way it is being said; both verbal and nonverbal behavior is also taken note of

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24
Q

Nonverbal Behavior

A

May include the interviewee’s body language, movements and facial expressions in response to the interviewer, the extent of eye contact, and aparent willingness to cooperate; also takes note of the way the the interviewee is dressed

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25
Q

Interview over the phone

A

Information such as changes in the interviewee’s voice pitc or the extent to which particular questions precipitate long pauses or signs of emotion in response;

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26
Q

Interview

A

Method of gathering information therough direct communication involving reciprocal exchange

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27
Q

Panel Interview/Board Interview

A

More than one interviewer participates in the personnel assessment; idiosyncratic biases of a lone interviewer will be minimized by the use of two or more interviewers; disadvantage is utility, the cost of using multiple interviewers may not be justified

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28
Q

Portfolio

A

Consitutes of work products - whether retained on paper, canvas, film, video, audio, or some other medium

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29
Q

Portfolio Assessment

A

Tool of evaluation which extends to many other fields

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30
Q

Case History Data

A

Refers to records, transcripts, and other accounts in written, pictorial, or other form that preserve archival information, official and informal accounts, and other data items relevant to an assessee; may include files or excerpts from files maintained at institutions and agencies (schools, hospitals, employers, religious institutions, and criminal justice agencies).

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31
Q

Behavioral Observation

A

Observing an individual’s behavior in a situation; monitoring the actions of others or oneself by visual or electronic means while recording quantitative and/or qualitative information regarding the actions; used as a diagnostic aid in various settings such as inpatient facilities, behavioral research laboratories, and classrooms

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32
Q

Naturalistic Observation

A

Observing human behavior in a natural setting - the setting in which the behavior is more likely to occur

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33
Q

Role Play

A

Acting an improvised or partially improvised part in a simulated situation

34
Q

Role-Play Test

A

Tool of assessment wherein assessees are directed to act as if they were in a particular situation

35
Q

Local Processing

A

When scoring is done on-site

36
Q

Central Processing

A

Scoring is conducted at some central location

37
Q

Teleprocessing

A

Sending test-related data to and returning from a central facility by means of phone lines, by mail, or courier

38
Q

Simple Scoring Report

A

A listing of score or scores

39
Q

Extended Scoring Report

A

More detailed, includes statistical analyses of the testtaker’s performance

40
Q

Interpretative Report

A

Includes numerical or narrative interpretative statements on the report

41
Q

Consultative Report

A

A type of report, usually written in language appropriate for communication between assessment professionals, provides expert opinion concerning analysis of data

42
Q

Integrative Report

A

Employs previously collected data into the test report such as medication records or behavioral observation data

43
Q

CAPA

A

Computer Assited Psychological Assessment

44
Q

Assisted

A

Refers to the assistance computers provide to the test user, not the testtaker

45
Q

CAT

A

Computer Adaptive Testing

46
Q

Adaptive

A

Reference to the computer’s ability to tailor the test to the testtaker’s ability or testtaking pattern

47
Q

Who, What, Why, How, and Where of Testing and Measurement

A

Who are the parties in the assessment enterprise?
In What types of settings are assessment conducted?
Why is assessment conducted?
How are assessments conducted?
Where does one go for authoritative information about tests?

48
Q

Who are the parties?

A

Developers and publishers of tests
Users of tests
People who are evaluated by means of tests
Society at large

49
Q

Test Developers & Publishers

A

Create tests or other methods of assessment; among these are some that were created for a specific research study, in the hope that they would be published; represent refinements or modification of existing tests

50
Q

Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing

A

Covers issues related to test construction and evaluaton, test admnistration and use, and special applications of tests such as special considerations when testing linguistic minorities

51
Q

Test User

A

Wide range of professionals: clinicians, counselors, school psychologists, human resources personnel, consumer psychologists, experimental psychologists, and social psychologists

52
Q

Standards

A

Identifies who is a qualified test user and who should have access to (and be permitted to purchase) psychological tests, and related tools of psychological assessment

53
Q

Testtaker Vary in Terms of the following Variables

A

Amount and degree of test anxiety
Extent of their understanding and whether they agree with the rationale of the assessment
Capacity and Willingness to cooperate with examiner or comprehend writtent test instructions
Amount of physical pain or emotional distress they are experiencing
Amount of physical discomfort brought on by the amount of food ingested before the exam or other physical conditions
Extent to which they are alert and wide awake
Extent to which they are alert or wide awake
Extent to which they are predisposed to agreeing or disagreeing when presented with stimulus statements
Extent to which they have received prior coaching
Importance they may attribute to portraying themselves in a good (or bad) light
Extent to which they are lucky and can beat the odds on a multiple-choice achievement test

54
Q

Testtaker

A

Anyone who is the subject of an assessment or an evaluation can be a testtaker or an assessee;

55
Q

Psychological Autopsy

A

A reconstruction of a deceased individual’s psychological profile on the basis of archival records, artifacts, and interviews previously conducted with the deceased assessee or with people who knew him or her

56
Q

Types of Settings Are Assessments Conducted, and Why?

A

Educational Settings, Clinical Settings, Counseling Settings, Geriatric Settings, Business and Military Settings, Government and organizational credentialing, and other settings

57
Q

School Ability Tests

A

Tests administered early in school life to help identify children who may have special needs

58
Q

Achievement Tests

A

Evaluates accomplishment or the degree of learning that has taken place

59
Q

Diagnosis

A

Defined as a description or conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and opinion; this conclusion is reached through a process of distinguishing the nature of something and ruling out alternative conclusions

60
Q

Diagnostic Test

A

Refers to a tool of assessment used to help narrow down and identify areas of deficit to be targeted for intervention

61
Q

Informal Evaluation

A

Grades which are not based on any formal assessment; a typically nonsystematic assessment that leads to the formation of an opinion or attitude

62
Q

Clinical Settings

A

Tools are used to help screen for or diagnose behavior problems

63
Q

Situations that might prompt the employment of tools

A 
Private psychotherapy client
School psychologist
Psychotherapy researcher
Psychologist-Consultant
Court-Appointed psychologist
Prison Psychologist
64
Q

Clinical Settings

A

Test or measurement technique is employed with only one individual at a time

65
Q

Group Testing

A

Used primarily for screening - identifying those individuals who require further diagnostic evaluation

66
Q

Counseling Settings

A

Assessment may occur in environments such as schools, prisons, and government or privately owned institutions

67
Q

Goal of Assessments in Counseling Settings

A

Improvement of the assessee in terms of adjustment, productivity, or some related variable

68
Q

Geriatric Settings

A

Assessment is used to evaluate cognitive, psychological, adaptive, or other functioning

69
Q

Quality of Life

A

Defined from the perspective of an observer; defined from theperspective of assessees themselves and refers to one’s own self-report regarding lifestyle-related variables

70
Q

Business and Military Settings

A

Assessment is used to measure a wide range of achievement, aptitude, interest, motivational and other tests in the decision to hire as well as in related decisions regarding promotions, transfer, job satisfaction, and eligibility for further training; help to diagnose needs of existing and older rands and products and identify how they might be revitalized or made more appealing in the eyes of the consumer

71
Q

Governmental and Organizational Credentialing

A

Application of measurement is in governmental licensing, certification, or general credentialing of professionals

72
Q

American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP(

A

Used to recognize excellence in the practice of psychology

73
Q

American Board of Assessment Psychology (ABAP)

A

Awards its diploma on the basis of an examination to test users, test developers, and others who have distinguished themselved in the field of testing and assessment

74
Q

Common Grounds of Testing and Measurement Procedures

A

How the assessor prepares for the assessment
How the assessment is administered
How the scores or results of the assessment are used
How the entire record of assessment is stored

75
Q

Rapport

A

A working relationship between the examiner and the examinee; sometimes achieved with a few words of small talk when the examiner and examinee are introduced

76
Q

Obligations of Test Users after Test Administration

A

Safeguarding the test protocols

Conveying the test results in a clearly understandable fashion

77
Q

Alternate Assessment

A

An evaluative or diagnostic procedure or process that varies from the usual, customary, or standardized way a measurement is derived either by virtue of some special accommodation made to the assessee or by means of alternative methods designed to measure the same variable(s)

78
Q

Accommodation

A

Adaptation of a test, procedure, or situation, or the substitution of one test for another, to make the assessment more suitable for an assessee with exceptional needs

79
Q

Where to get information on published Tests and Assessment-Related Issues

A

Test Catalogues
Test Manuals
Reference Volmes
Journal Articles

80
Q

Test Manual

A

Contains detailed information concerning the development of a particular test and technical information relating to it

Psychological Testing & Measurement (12 decks)

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