Chapter 10 test-bank Flashcards
The term genome refers to the complete complement of sequences and genes that an organism possesses.
Select one:
True
False
True
DNA packaged/wrapped at the level represented by the model below would be euchromatin, and not heterochromatin.
Select one:
True
False
True
A nucleosome is a combination of ________ and ________.
Select one: A. DNA, scaffold proteins B. DNA, histone proteins C. RNA, histone proteins D. histone proteins, scaffold proteins E. RNA, transcription proteins
B. DNA, histone proteins
The DNA-protein complex in eukaryotic chromosomes is called the genome.
Select one:
True
False
False
Areas of the chromosome that remain highly condensed through much of the life of the cell are called ________.
Select one: A. Euchromatin B. Facultative heterochromatin C. Barr body D. Constitutive heterochromatin
Constitutive heterochromatin
Which of the following are levels of folding/packaging of the bacterial chromosome? Choose all that apply.
Select one or more:
a. loop domains
b. DNA supercoiling
c. crossing over
d. nucleosomes
e. solenoid
a. loop domains
b. DNA supercoiling
Which of the following represents the highest level of chromosome condensation? Choose all that apply.
Select one or more: A. Radial loop domain B. Heterochromatin C. solenoid D. Double helix E. Nucleosome F. metaphase chromosome
B. Heterochromatin Correct
F. metaphase chromosome
Where do kinetochores attach to chromosomes? Note: kinetochores are also the attachment sites for spindle fibers during cell division.
Select one: A. They don't attach to DNA B. Centromeres C. Telomeres D. Specific genes on the chromosome
B. Centromeres
Why do positively charged amino acids appear more often than usual in histone proteins?
Select one:
A. Because histones have a higher molecular mass, which improves DNA compaction
B. Because histones and DNA have the same charge, which improves the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes
C. Because histones and DNA have opposite charges, which improves the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes
D. Because histones are strongly attracted to the positively charged phosphate backbone of DNA
C. Because histones and DNA have opposite charges, which improves the compaction of DNA into nucleosomes
Which of the following represents the lowest level of chromosome condensation?
Select one: A. Heterochromatin B. Euchromatin C. Nucleosome D. Radial loop domain E. 30 nm fibers
C. Nucleosome
How does DNA differ from RNA? (Choose all that apply)
Select one or more:
a. RNA has multiple bases attached to the sugar
b. RNA is single-stranded while DNA is double-stranded
c. RNA contains different sized phosphate groups
d. RNA has Uracil while DNA has thymine
e. RNA uses a different five-carbon sugar than DNA
b. RNA is single-stranded while DNA is double-stranded
d. RNA has Uracil while DNA has thymine
e. RNA uses a different five-carbon sugar than DNA
Which of the following only applies to a bacterial chromosome? Circle all that apply.
Select one or more:
a. multiple origins of replication
b. 2 telomeres
c. 1 centromere
d. circular DNA molecule
e. one double-stranded DNA per cell, not counting plasmids
d. circular DNA molecule
e. one double-stranded DNA per cell, not counting plasmids
Which of the following are components of the nucleosome core particle? Choose all that are not part of the core.
Select one or more:
A. The linker DNA region between two nucleosomes.
B. The DNA region wrapped around the histone octomer.
C. Two each of Histones 2A, 2B, 3 and 4
D. Histone 1 (H1)
E. single-stranded binding proteins
B. The DNA region wrapped around the histone octomer.
C. Two each of Histones 2A, 2B, 3 and 4
Which of the following is found at the end of a eukaryotic chromosome?
Select one: A. Telomeres B. Kinetochores C. Origins of replication D. Centromeres
A. Telomeres
The nonrepetitive genes in an organism are found in which of the following?
Select one: A. Moderately repetitive sequences B. Unique sequences C. Highly repetitive sequences D. telomeres E. centromere
B. Unique sequences
Where is the bacterial chromosome located?
Select one: A. Nucleolus B. Nucleoid C. Nuclear envelope D. Nucleus E. Trick question, as bacteria have no chromosome.
B. Nucleoid
How many different types of histone proteins are there in a complete nucleosome?
Select one: A. 8 B. 7 C. 5 D. 4
C. 5
The metaphase chromosomes represented in the image below are composed predominantly of euchromatin.
Select one:
True
False
False
One would expect heterochromatic regions of DNA to be more compacted than euchromatic regions.
Select one:
True
False
True
About how many bases of DNA wrap around a histone complex?
Select one: A. Hundreds of bases of DNA, but less than 1000 bases B. 10-50 bases C. ~150 D. >1,000 bases
C. ~150
The chromosomes of eukaryotes typically contains which of the following…
Select one:
a. a few hundred to several thousand different genes
b. a centromere
c. telomeres at the ends
d. highly repetitive and moderately repetitive DNA regions
e. All of the responses for this question are TRUE.
e. All of the responses for this question are TRUE.
What type of amino acids are most responsible for the binding between DNA and the histones of a nucleosome?
Select one: A. Positively charged amino acids B. Polar amino acids C. Negatively charged amino acids D. Hydrophobic amino acids
A. Positively charged amino acids
Ribosomal RNA genes, tRNA genes, genes that code for histones, and some transposable elements (e.g., the Alu sequence you are studying in lab) all belong to this category of repetitive DNA.
Select one: a. Unique or non-repetitive sequences Moderately repetitive sequences Highly repetitive sequences b. moderately repetitive c. highly repetitive d. euchromatin e. heterochromatin
b. moderately repetitive
