Chapter 10 test Flashcards
What is a syndesmosis?
A fibrous joint that connects two parallel bones.
What is a suture?
A fibrous joint that connects two bones with fibrous tissue.
What is a gomphosis?
A fibrous joint where a conical-shaped structure fits into a socket.
What type of joint is an amphiarthrosis?
A cartilaginous joint.
What is a synchondrosis?
A hyaline cartilage joint that connects two bones.
What is a symphysis?
A joint with a pad or disk of cartilage.
What type of joint is a diarthrosis?
A synovial type joint.
What is uniaxial movement?
Movement in one plane, such as hinge and pivot joints.
What is biaxial movement?
Movement in two perpendicular planes, such as condyloid and saddle joints
What is multiaxial movement?
Movement in three or more planes, such as ball and socket and gliding joints.
What is the radioulnar joint?
A synovial pivot-type joint that follows the supination and pronation of the forearm.
What is the radiocarpal joint?
A synovial joint in the forearm that connects the wrist to the hand.
What is the intercarpal joint?
A synovial joint that connects the carpal bones to the wrist.
What is the carpometacarpal joint?
A synovial saddle-shaped joint that connects the hand to the thumb and allows it to move freely.
What is the metacarpophalangeal joint?
A synovial condyloid/biaxial joint that connects the metacarpals and the phalanges.
What is an interphalangeal joint?
A synovial hinge joint responsible for the bending of the fingers, including distal and proximal joints.
What are vertebral joints?
Gliding cartilaginous joints that help with weight bearing in the back.
What is a goniometer?
A tool used for measuring range of motion (ROM).
What type of joint is the intercarpal joint?
A biaxial joint.
What is the largest joint in the body?
The knee.
Why is the knee considered complex?
It is one of the most complex joints in the body and is not protected by muscle, making it easier to injure.
What is the function of the ankle?
The ankle evolved to be weight bearing.
What happens during internal rotation of the knee?
It causes a sprain, while external rotation can cause a break.
What type of joints are hinge joints?
Hinge joints are considered uniaxial.
What is circular movement?
Arc-like movement around an axis.
What is gliding movement?
The simplest of all joint movements.
Which joints use gliding movement?
Intertarsal, intercarpal, and vertebral joints.
What is bursitis?
Inflammation of the bursa, which can be caused by prolonged pressure, repetition, or trauma.
What is osteoarthritis?
A degenerative joint disease characterized by wear and tear of the articular cartilage.
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
A noninflammatory disease that occurs when a synovial membrane swells and thickens.
What type of joints are synovial joints?
They are the most flexible joints.
What is angular movement?
Change in the size of the angle between articulation bones.
What is flexion?
The decrease in angle between bones.
What is extension?
The increase in the angle between bones.
What is hyperextension?
Stretching beyond the anatomical position.
What is adduction?
Movement towards the medial plane.
What is abduction?
Movement away from the medial plane.
What is rotation?
Pivoting a bone on its own axis.
What is circumduction?
The distal end moves in a circle.
What is supination?
Turning the palm upwards.
What is pronation?
Turning the palm downwards.
What are special movements?
Movements that don’t really fall into another category.
What are the three types of joints?
- Synarthroses (fibrous) 2. Amphiarthroses (cartilaginous) 3. Diarthroses (synovial)
What are the four types of synovial joint movements?
- Angular 2. Circular 3. Gliding 4. Special
