Chapter 10 Section 3

Question 0

Mary Ainsworth

Answer 0

• Infants prefer being held or being with someone

- 4 months infants develop specific attachments to main caregivers (usually mothers)

Question 1

Attachment

Answer 1

Emotional ties that form between people

Question 2

Stranger anxiety

Answer 2

• 8 months

- fear of strangers

Question 3

Separation anxiety

Answer 3

• 8 months

- act in ways of distress if mother leaves

Question 4

Contact comfort

Answer 4

Instinctual need to touch and bet touched by something soft

Question 5

Harry Harlow

Answer 5

Put infant monkeys in cages with 2 moms

- went to the mother with terry cloth over the wire mother with bottle

Question 6

Harlow and Zimmerman

Answer 6

Placed scary toys in cages with infant monkeys

• monkeys with wire mothers cringe in fear
• monkeys with terry cloth cringe but eventually explored

Question 7

Imprinting

Answer 7

Process by which some animals from immediate attachments during a critical perio

Question 8

Secure attachment

Answer 8

• primary caregivers are affectionate and reliable
• bonded to caregivers
• cry or protest when caregivers leave
• welcome caregiver back

Question 9

Insecure attachment

Answer 9

• Caregivers are unresponsive or unreliable
• don’t mind when caregiver leaves
• make no effort to seek contact when caregiver returns
• May cry when picked up

Question 10

Autism

Answer 10

Developmental disorder that prevents children from forming a proper attachment to others

• difficulty processing sensory info
• limits communication
• prevents social, cognitive, behavioral, and physical development

Question 11

Signs of autism in infants

Answer 11

• may go limp or become stiff or rigid when held
• cry when picked up
• do not notice from parents (no attachment)
• show no stranger anxiety

Question 12

Warm parents

Answer 12

• Show affection for children

- show that they are happy to spend time with them

Question 13

Cold parents

Answer 13

• Not affectionate

- do not enjoy children as much

Question 14

Children of warm parents

Answer 14

• well adjusted

- more likely to develop a conscience

Question 15

Children of cold parents

Answer 15

More interested in escaping punishment than doing the right thing

Question 16

Strict parents

Answer 16

• Impose many rules and supervise children closely
• cannot tolerate disorder
• fear kids will run wild and get into trouble
• can foster achievement and self control

Question 17

Permissive parents

Answer 17

• impose fewer rules and watch kids less closely
• less concentrated on neatness and cleanliness
• believe kids need freedom to explore themselves
• less concerned or have little time to monitor kids behavior

Question 18

Authoritative parent

Answer 18

Combine warmth with age appropriate rules and responsibilities

• kids are more independent and achievement oriented
• kids feel better about themselves

Question 19

Authoritarian

Answer 19

Believe in obedience for its own sake

• strict guidelines
• kids may be resistant or depend on other people
• not do well in school
• less friendly and spontaneous

Question 20

Abuse includes…

Answer 20

Physical, sexual, and psychological

Question 21

Physical abuse

Answer 21

Assault

• can include alcohol and illegal drug exposure
• things that leave a mark

Question 22

Sexual abuse

Answer 22

Sexual victimization or exploitation of a child by older child, adolescent, or adult
- 80% of cases by someone they know

Question 23

Neglect

Answer 23

Failure to give a child adequate food, shelter, clothing, and emotional support and schooling

Question 24

Why do parents abuse or neglect?

Answer 24

• stress do to unemployment and poverty -history of abuse
• accept violence to cope withs stress
• no attachment
• substance abuse
• Rigid attitudes about child rearing

Question 25

Abused kids are at risk for…..

Answer 25

Anxiety
Depression
Low self esteem

Question 26

What are the effects of full time daycare according to one study?

Answer 26

• show less distress when mother leaves
• less likely to seek mom when she returns
• more likely to share toys
• more independent, outgoing

Question 27

What negative effects do studies on full time daycare show?

Answer 27

• kids are less cooperative and more aggressive

- don’t receive individual attention

Question 28

Self esteem

Answer 28

Value or worth that people attach to themselves

Question 29

Carl Rogers

Answer 29

Came up with unconditional positive regard and conditional positive regard

Question 30

Unconditional positive regard

Answer 30

Parents love and accept child no matter how they behave

- leads to high self esteem

Question 31

Conditional positive regard

Answer 31

Parents show love only when child behaves in certain acceptable ways
- low self esteem

Question 32

What is self esteem based on in ages 5-7?

Answer 32

Physical appearance and performance in school

• girls reading and general academics
• boys math and physical skills

Question 33

What is the low point of self esteem?

Answer 33

Elementary school ages 12 or 13

Question 34

When does self esteem increase again?

Answer 34

Adolescence

Question 35

What is the myth of self esteem?

Answer 35

• High self esteem does not lead to higher grades
• Getting good grades promotes high self esteem
• bullies actually have high self esteem