Chapter 10: School Flashcards
college-preparatory school
- similar to high school (variety of academic courses), goal is general education rather than for a specific profession
- no recreational subjects like music or physical education
vocational school
learn skills involved in a specific occupation (ex. auto mechanics)
professional school
devoted to teacher training, the arts, other specific purposes
school climate
quality of interactions between teachers and students, including how teachers interact with students, their expectations and standards for students, and what kinds of methods are used in the classroom
engagement
quality of being psychologically committed to learning
disengagement
maladaptive state characterized by loss of motivation, de-valuing of learning, boredom, apathy
motivation
enthusiasm and impulse to learn
intrinsic motivation
comes from within the person; based on interests, desire to learn
extrinsic motivation
- outside the person; based on reward, getting others’ approval
- very effective when first learning something new
immigrant paradox
the more generations an immigrant family has been in the US, the worse their children do in school
performance goals
Desire to be judged well by others and to avoid criticism.
mastery goals
Aimed at improvement of skills and development of competence.
gifted students
Have unusually high abilities in academics, art, or music.
four characteristics of gifted students
- precocity (gifts evident at an early age)
- independence
- drive for mastery
- excellence in information processing
AP classes
Classes for gifted students in high schools that have higher-level material than normal classes to provide a challenging curriculum
learning disability
Diagnosis made when child/adolescent has normal intelligence but difficulty in one or more academic areas; difficulty cannot be attributed to any other disorder.
ADHD
- high levels of inattentiveness, impulsiveness, lack of behavioural inhibition
- symptoms must: have developed before age 7, be persistent in at least 2 different settings, and disrupt normal functioning in school and relationships with others
Clark and Trow’s 4 student subcultures
- the collegiate
- the vocational
- the academic
- the rebel
the collegiate
pursues fun
- fraternities/sororities, dating, drinking, big sports events
- instructors, courses, grades are a second priority
the vocational
pursues a degree
- practical view of college education (usu. attends community college)
- resist instructors’ demands for engagement in class (beyond requirements of coursework)
- work 20-40 hours to pay for tuition
the rebel
pursues an identity
- engaged with ideas presented in courses but aggressively nonconformist
- only enjoy learning when material is interesting/relevant; selectively studious
- only do required work if they like the class/respect the prof
socio-academic integration
- extent to which students feel personally connected to teachers, students, and the institution as a whole
- relates to whether or not a student remains in university
- less drop-outs in institutions where students interact/are involved with each other
massive open online courses (MOOCs)
- college courses presented electronically, usually at no cost to the student
- majority of students lack self-direction and self-discipline (only 10% completion rate)
