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Fire > Chapter 10 Ropes And Knots > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Ropes And Knots Flashcards

1
Q

List the three type of primary uses for ropes

A
  1. Hoist or lower appliances or people
  2. To pull a person to safety
  3. To serve as a life line in an emergency
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2
Q

List the three primary ropes used in fire service.

A
  1. Life safety rope
  2. Escape Rope
  3. Utility Rope
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3
Q

NFPA 1983

A

Standard on life safety rope and Equipment for Emergency Services

It lists very specific standards for the construction of life safety rope. It also requires the rope manufacturer to include detailed instructions for the proper use, maintenance and inspection of the life safety rope

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4
Q

According to the NPFA 1983, define the performance for two life safety ropes?

A

Technical use life safety rope and general use life safety rope

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5
Q

What is the life safety rope strength of a escape rope?

A

3304 lbs

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6
Q

What Is the life safety rope strength of a technical use life safety rope?

A

4496 lbs

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7
Q

What is the life safety rope strength of a general use life safety rope?

A

8892 lbs

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8
Q

List specifications of a Technical use life safety rope

A
  1. Diameter is 3/8 (9.5 mm) or greater but is less than 1/2 (12.5 mm)
  2. Weaker than general use of life safety ropes
  3. Minimum breaking strength of 4496 lbs pounds of force
  4. Usage is by high trained rescue teams that deploy to technical environments
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9
Q

List some specifications of a General use life safety rope

A
  1. Minimum breaking strength of 8992 lbf (40kN)
  2. Greater margin of safety
  3. Diameter is no larger than 5/8 (16mm) and no smaller than 7/10 (11mm)
  4. The most common life safety rope carried by the fire service in the US
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10
Q

Escape Rope

A

It is intended to be used by a fire fighter only for self rescue from an extreme situation. This rope is designed to only carry the weight of one person and to be used only one time.

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11
Q

Utility Rope

A

Is used in the most other cases, when it is not necessary to support the weight of a person, such as when hoisting or lowering tools or equipment

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12
Q

Ladder Halyards

A

Rope used on extension ladders to raise a fly section

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13
Q

What is the name of the natural fiber used in the past by fire departments?

A

Manila

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14
Q

Describe the construction of how natural fibers are constructed

A

Natural fibers are twisted together to form strands. A strand can contain hundreds of individual fibers of different lengths

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15
Q

List some drawbacks to using natural fiber ropes.

A
  1. Lose their load-carrying ability over time
  2. Subject to mildew
  3. Absorb 50% of their weight in water
  4. Degrade quickly
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16
Q

What synthetic fiber was introduced in 1938?

A

Nylon

17
Q

List the advantages of using synthetic fiber ropes.

A
  1. It can provide very long fivers that run the full length of a rope to provide greater strength and added safety
  2. Resistant to rotting and mildew and do no degrade as rapidly
  3. Some synthetic rope can float
  4. Strength to diameter ratio
  5. Longevity
18
Q

What is most common synthetic fiber used in safety ropes?

A

Nylon

19
Q

What is second most used synthetic fiber used in life safety ropes?

A

Polyester

20
Q

Which synthetic fiber is the lightest and what is the special quality to it?

A

Polypropylene.

It does not absorb water and floats. Often used for water rescue. However it is not used for fire purposes due to low melting point and difficulty in tying nots

21
Q

Block creel construction

A

Rope constructed without knots or splices in the yarns, ply yarn, strands or braids, or rope

22
Q

Twisted ropes

A

Are also called laid ropes, are made of individual fibers twisted into strands together to make the rope

23
Q

What is the disadvantage to twisted ropes?

A

It exposes all the fibers to the outside of the rope where they are subject to abrasions. It can damage the fibers and reduce the strength.

Twist rope tend to stretch and are prone to unraveling

24
Q

Braided ropes

A

Are constructed by weaving or intertwining strands

25
Q

Describe the construction of a double braided rope.

A

It has a inner braided core covered by a protective braided sleeve so that only the fibers in the outer sleeve are exposed outside. The inner core remains protected from abrasion

26
Q

What is a disadvantage of a braided rope?

A

It also exposes all the strands to the outside of the rope where it is more susceptible to abrasion

27
Q

Kermantle rope

A

Consist of two distinct parts: the kern and the mantle.

28
Q

Kern

A

It is the center or core of the rope in a kernmantle rope

29
Q

Mantle

A

The mantle or sheath, is braided or covering that protects the core from dirt or abrasion in a kermantle rope

30
Q

Describe the construction of a kernmantle rope

A

It is made with synthetic fibers however different fibers can be used to make the kern or the mantle. Each fiber in the kern extends the entire length of the rope without knots or splices. It is very strong and well suited for rescue work and is very popular for life safety rope

31
Q

Dynamic rope

A

It is designed to be elastic and stretch when it is loaded. It is typically used in safety lines for mountain climbing because it stretches and cushions the shock of a climber falls for a long distance.

32
Q

Static rope

A

It has a limited range of elasticity. It is more suitable for rescue situation where falls from great heights are not anticipated

33
Q

Describe the construction of a dynamic kernmantle rope.

A

It is constructed with overlapping or woven fibers in the core. When the rope is loaded, the core fibers are pulled tighter which gives the rope elasticity.

34
Q

Describe the construction of a static kernmantle rope

A

All of the fibers are laid parallel to each other. It has very little elasticity and limited elongation under applied load. This yep of rope is well suited for lowering a person and can be used with a pulley system

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