Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Principles Of Psychology > Chapter 10-Research Methods In Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 10-Research Methods In Psychology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Empiricism

A

The reliance on observable data.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Testability

A

Scientific explanation that can be proved true or false by looking at empirical data.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parsimony

A

Simplicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Determinism

A

The belief that a behavior follows a lawful order and is ultimately predictable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The purposes of research

A

Answer theoretical questions, or satisfy the curiosity of the researcher

  • Basic research
  • Applied research
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Basic research

A

Designed to answer theoretical questions or satisfy the curiosity of the researcher, it initially appears to have no practical implications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Applied research

A

Research where the practical implications and applications are obvious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Population

A

All members of a group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Biased sample

A

A sample of people from a population who have a characteristic born set of characteristics that may be affect the outcome of the research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Random sampling

A

A sample in which all members of the population have an equal chance of being included in the sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Representative sampling

A

Has all the relevant characteristics of the population of interest, represented in the same proportions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Research methods

A
  • Descriptive/observational
  • Correlational
  • Experimental
  • Quasi-experimental
  • Small-n
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Descriptive research

A

Observing and describing a behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

-Naturalist observation

A

The observation of the behavior takes place in its natural or normal setting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

-Participant observation

A

Joining a group or situation in order to study behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

-Interviews and surveys

A

Participants are asked to respond to a series of questions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

-Case studies

A

In-depth studies of individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Correlational research method

A

The study of the degree to which two variables are related to one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

*Variables

A

Anything that can change or take on different values

20
Q

Positive correlation

A

Variables change in the same direction at the same time

21
Q

Negative correlation

A

Variables change in opposite directions at the same time

22
Q

Correlation coefficient

A

The static of number representing the degree to which two variables related

23
Q

Experimental research method

A

The manipulation of variables to determine cause and effect

24
Q

*Independent variable

A

Variable manipulated or controlled by the experimenter

25
Q

*Dependent variable

A

Variable that is measured, the outcome

26
Q

*Treatment group

A

Participants exposed to the independent variable

27
Q

*Control group

A

Participants not exposed to the independent variable

28
Q

*Extraneous variables

A

Variable other than the independent and dependent variables that are present in the experimental situation

29
Q

Quasi-experimental research method

A

Active manipulation of independent variable is not possible

30
Q

Small-n research method

A

Use only a few participants, or sometimes only one

ABA reversal design

31
Q

ABA design

A

Used to answer basic research questions when there is no immediate practical application in mind
A= Baseline phase. Initial level of response before intervention
B= Treatment phase. The intervention is added
A= Second baseline phase. After intervention is removed

32
Q

ABAB reversal design

A

Add a second treatment phase so that the research ends with the treatment in effect. Commonly used to answer applied research questions.

33
Q

Experimenter and Participant Bias

A

Experimenter bias
Participant bias
Placebo
Double-blind procedure

34
Q

Experimenter bias

A

Things a research may do that unknowingly affects the data and conclusions

35
Q

Participant bias

A

Effect of a participant’s expectations on his or her responses

36
Q

Placebo

A

Medication that looks like the real thing but contains no active ingredients

37
Q

Double-blind procedure

A

Neither the experimenter nor the participant knows who is receiving treatment and who is receiving a placebo

38
Q

Using statistic to summarize and draw conclusions

A
  1. Descriptive statistics

2. Inferential statistics

39
Q

1.Descriptive statistics

A

Summary of data

40
Q

Typically two types of descriptive statistics are reported

A
  • Measures of central tendency

- Measures of variable

41
Q

Measure of central tendency

A

A single number used to represent a set of data
The three measures of central tendency are:
Mean = average
Median= middle
Mode=most

42
Q

Measure of variability

A

Describe how spread out the data are.

Range= The difference between highest value and lowest value
Standard deviation= the measure of how much, on average, individual data differ from the mean

43
Q
  1. Inferential statistics
A

Used to make predictions about populations based on samples

  • statistical significance =experimental results are realize and not merely due to chance.
  • Replication=repeating studies to verify results
44
Q

Ethical concerns

A
  1. Institutional approval= received approval before conducting research
  2. Informed consent =participants must be informed of the purpose of the research, their responsibilities and potential risk and benefits to them
  3. Offering inducements for research participation
  4. Deception in research
  5. Debriefing = researchers must provide a timely opportunity for research participants to receive information about the research, results and conclusions
45
Q

Coefficient of correlation

A

The strength and direction of a relationship can be expressed (+1.00 to -1.00)

46
Q

Criteria of science

A
  1. Empiricism
  2. Test ability
  3. Parsimony
  4. Determinism

Principles Of Psychology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions