Chapter 10 quiz Flashcards

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0
Q

which one of the following statements about the bag-valve mask (BVM) is true?
A) Oxygen must be attached so that the squeezable bag will reinflate.
B) The nonrebreather valve allows the patient to rebreathe air that he has exhaled.
C) The oxygen reservoir should deflate by one-third every time a breath is given.
D) A 15/22 mm adapter allows the BVM to be attached to adavanced airways such as the endotracheal tube.

A

D) A 15/22 mm adapter allows the BVM to be attached to adavanced airways such as the endotracheal tube.

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1
Q

When using a pocket mask to ventilate an unresponsive adult Pt., the EMT must remember to always:
A) maintain the head-tilt,chin-lift or jaw-thrust maneuver.
B) ventilate at twice the Pt’s normal rate of breathing.
C) provide each breath over 3 sec.
D) deliver 1 breath every 3 sec.

A

A) maintain the head-tilt,chin-lift or jaw-thrust maneuver.

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2
Q
You have opened the airway using a head-tilt, chin-lift and are ready to ventilate an apneic Pt. with a pocket mask. The first ventilation you attempt is unsuccessful. You should immediately: 
A) use a jaw-thrust maneuver. 
B) reposition the head.
C) provide 5 abdominal thrusts.
D) ventilate over 3 sec.
A

B) reposition the head.

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3
Q

Which one the following setups on the BVM will enable the EMT to deliver the highest concentration of oxygen to the Pt.?
A) BVM attached to oxygen at 15 lpm.
B) BVM w/oxygen reservoir attached, receiving oxygen at 15 lpm.
C) BVM w/room-air oxygen being used by two EMTs
D) BVM w/oxygen reservoir attached.

A

B) BVM w/oxygen reservoir attached, receiving oxygen at 15 lpm

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4
Q

You are assessing a young male Pt. who is responsive to painful stimuli and breathing agonally after being ejected from an automobile at a high rate of speed. HIs pulse is weak and thready, and his skin is cool and diaphoretic. When addressing his airway and breathing,the EMT must immediately.
A) open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-tilt, and begin ventilations w/the BVM.
B) administer oxygen at 15 lpm w/ a nonrebreather face mask.
C) perform the jaw-thrust and begin artificial ventilations w/ the BVM.
D) immobilize him to a long spine board, and then start positive pressure ventilation.

A

C) perform the jaw-thrust and begin artificial ventilations w/ the BVM.

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5
Q

You are teaching a group of firefighters who are in class to become EMRs. The topic is artificial ventilation w/ the BVM. Which one of the following points related to using the BVM should you emphasize?
A) The BVM is useless it is hooked to supplement oxygen.
B) It is better to ventilate too quickly as opposed to too slowly.
C) Maintaining a good mask-to-face seal is difficult.
D) The bag must be fully squeezed in order to give the proper amount of volume w/each breath.

A

C) Maintaining a good mask-to-face seal is difficult.

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6
Q

Which of the following best describes the path that oxygen must travel to get into the cells of the body?
A) Oropharynx, larynx, trachea,carina,bronchioles
B) Nose, pharynx, esophagus, bronchi, alveoli
C) Nasopharynx, oropharynx, carina, trachea, alveoli
D) Pharynx, larynx, trachea, alveoli, bronchioles

A

A) Oropharynx, larynx, trachea,carina,bronchioles

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7
Q

A 52 year-old male with a brain tumor has gone into respiratory arrest.You assign the task of artificially ventilating the Pt. w/the BVM to a new EMR. How will you instruct him to ventilate the Pt?
A) administer 10 breathes per min., with each ventilation lasting 2 secs.
B) give the Pt 24 breathes per min., with special attention to allowing for adequate exhalation.
C) Give the Pt 20 breathes per min., with each breath lasting 1.5 secs
D) Deliver 1 breath every 5 to 6 secs., with each ventilation lasting 1 sec.

A

D) Deliver 1 breath every 5 to 6 secs., with each ventilation lasting 1 sec.

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8
Q

Which one of the following tips should you give a new EMT about artificially ventilating a Pt. w/ the BVM?
A) “To direct air into the lungs and away from the stomach, flex the patient’s head forward when ventilating with the BVM.”
B) “If the patient has dentures, they should be removed so a better mask-to-face seal can be achieved.”
C) “Always remove the oropharyngeal airway. If it is in place when you are ventilating with a BVM, it may be pushed deep.”
D) “It is important to maintain the head-tilt,chin-lift or jaw-thrust maneuver while ventilating the patient.”

A

D) “It is important to maintain the head-tilt,chin-lift or jaw-thrust maneuver while ventilating the patient.”

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9
Q

Which one of the following statements made by an EMT shows that she understands how to suction the patients in a field setting?
A) “When caring for a young child, I suction for a minimum of 5 seconds.”
B) “It is helpful to pour sterile water into the patient’s mouth to liquefy vomit and make it easier to suction.”
C) “I only activate the suction device when I am withdrawing the suction catheter.”
D) “To thoroughly suction a patient, I insert the rigid-tip catheter past the base of the tongue and into the pharynx.”

A

C) “I only activate the suction device when I am withdrawing the suction catheter.”

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10
Q
You have arrived next to a patient who reportedly had a seizure. Assessment reveals him to be apneic with vomitus in the airway. He has a radial pulse, and his skin is cool and diaphoretic. Which one of the following should you do immediately?
A) Suction the airway.
B) Check breath sounds.
C) Apply a nonrebreather mask.
D) Start artificial ventilation.
A

A) suction the airway

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11
Q
You have arrived on the scene of an assault in which several people have been injured. You are directed to assist another crew with a patient who has been shot once. As you approach, you are told that the patient is breathing erratically and ineffectively. You observe thee patient being ventilated with a BVM while another EMT maintains her airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver. Based on your observation, where might you except that this patient was shot?
A) Leg 
B) Head
C) Lower abdomen 
D) Pelvis
A

B) Head

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12
Q

Which one of the following patients should benefit from the head-tilt,chin-lift manual airway maneuver?
A) 67-year old female who fell down a flight of stairs and in unresponsive
B) 39-year old male who just had a seizure and has snoring respirations.
C) 85-year old female who hit her head on a tree limb and is now responsive to painful stimuli
D) 45-year old female who is alert and vomiting blood

A

B) 39-year old

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13
Q

You must transport a patient with carbon monoxide poisoning to a special facility for treatment. Transport time is estimated at an hour and a half. The patient is on a nonrebreather mask with a continuous oxygen flow of 15 lpm. On the ambulance, you have a G tank with 1,100 psi inside. Knowing that the cylinder is 2.41, what action should the EMT take in relation to the amount of available oxygen and transport time?
A) replace the G cylinder with a full D cylinder
B) Replace the G cylinder after the transport
C) Apply a nasal cannula at 8 lpm for the transport
D) Decrease the oxygen flow to 10 lpm for the transport

A

B) Replace the G cylinder after the transport

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14
Q

Which one of the following statements shows that the EMT knows to correctly position the BVM on the patient’s face?
A) “The wide portion of the mask is place at the top of the nose and the narrow part below the lower lip”
B) “If two rescuers are using the BVM, the mask only needs to be placed over the mouth and the nose pinched closed.”
C) “I place the narrow part of the mask over the bridge of the nose, and the bottom part in the cleft above the chin.”
D) “The mask is properly positioned when the top portion lies over the bridge of the nose and the lower portion below the chin.”

A

C) “I place the narrow part of the mask over the bridge of the nose, and the bottom part in the cleft above the chin.”

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15
Q

You must suction frothy secretions from the mouth and pharynx of a 31-year old male patient whose respiration rate is 4 breathes per min. Which one of the following interventions is most appropriate given the patient’s condition?
A) Suction for no more than 15 seconds at a time followed by 2 mins of positive pressure ventilation.
B) Forego suctioning and continue to provide positive pressure ventilation.
C) Place the patient into a side-lying position and 30 seconds of suctioning and ventilation
D)Use a soft-tip catheter and suction for no more than 30 seconds before providing additional oxygen with a nonrebreather face mask.

A

A) Suction for no more than 15 seconds at a time followed by 2 mins of positive pressure ventilation.

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16
Q

Which of the following statements made by an EMT shows he understands the use of the pocket mask?
A) “When using the pocket mask to ventilate a patient, the EMT must make sure that the reservoir bag is in place.”
B) “The EMT must remove the oral airway and replace it with a nasal airway when ventilating with a pocket mask.”
C) “Although the pocket mask is very effective a patient, the EMT is directly exposed to secretions from the patient.”
D) “In comparison to the BVM, the pocket mask can deliver a just as good, tidal volume.”

A

D) “In comparison to the BVM, the pocket mask can deliver a just as good, tidal volume.”

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17
Q

Which one of the following best describes oxygen?
A) A highly flammable substance.
B) A gas classified as a drug.
C) A moist gas that supports combustion.
D) An odorless cloudy gas when pressurized.

A

B) A gas classified as a drug.

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18
Q

Which on of the following statements shows that the EMT knows how to properly size an oral airway prior placement?
A) “The airway should approximate the distance from the front teeth to the angle of the jaw”
B) “To select an appropriately sized oral airway, you must estimate the patient’s height and weight.”
C) “It is better to have an oral airway that is too long, rather than one that is too small.
D) “An appropriately sized oral airway can be selected by looking in the patient’s mouth and estimating the length of the tongue.”

A

A) “The airway should approximate the distance from the front teeth to the angle of the jaw”

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19
Q

For which one of the following patients is placement of an oropharyngeal airway indicated?
A) Responsive but confused patient with stridorous respirations.
B) Patient with snoring respiration who coughs as the oral airway is placed into his mouth.
C) Patient who responds to painful stimuli by moaning and has vomited.
D) Unresponsive patient who has no gag or cough reflex.

A

D) Unresponsive patient who has no gag or cough reflex.

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20
Q

The EMT is appropriately sizing the nasal airway when she measures the:
A) diameter of the patient’s little finger.
B) distance from the nose to earlobe.
C) diameter of the larger nostril.
D) distance from the mouth to the angle of the jaw.

A

B) distance from the nose to earlobe.

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21
Q

The EMT should recognize that the oropharyngeal airway has been appropriately inserted when:
A) vomiting is no longer occurring.
B) its flange rests on the teeth.
C) it cannot be dislodged by the EMT.
D) the respiratory rate returns to normal.

A

B) its flange rests on the teeth.

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22
Q

While a 61-year old female in cardiac arrest receives emergency care, you note that her abdomen grows larger with each ventilation provided from a BVM. What instructions should you provide?
A) “Try delivering each ventilation over 3 seconds, and let’s slow down the rate.”
B) “Let’s slow the ventilation rate to 10 per min, providing each breath over 1 second.”
C) “The ventilation rate and force of ventilation need to be increased so air goes into the lungs.”
D) “I need another rescuer to apply firm pressure over the stomach,while we ventilate this patient.”

A

B) “Let’s slow the ventilation rate to 10 per min, providing each breath over 1 second.”

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23
Q

You are observing an EMT insert an oropharyngeal airway into the airway of a 36-year old male who has overdosed on a street drug. Which one of the following observation indicates correct technique?
A) The EMT uses a tongue depressor to press the back of the tongue downward, and then insert the oral airway upside-down.
B) The oral airway is introduced sideways into the mouth, and then rotated 180 degrees once it has reached the bass of the tongue.
C) The airway is inserted into the mouth upside-down and is then turned 180 degrees once it contacts the soft palate.
D) The airway is inserted in its normal anatomic position until the flange of the airway is 1 cm above the the lips.

A

C) The airway is inserted into the mouth upside-down and is then turned 180 degrees once it contacts the soft palate.

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24
Q

The EMT has just placed an oropharyngeal airway in a patient. By doing so, which one of the following has the EMT accomplished?
A) Secured the tongue away from the back of the airway.
B) Obtained a patent airway by preventing closure of the mouth.
C) Protected the airway from vomit or other secretions.
D) Minimized the risk of vomiting by closing off the esophagus.

A

A) Secured the tongue away from the back of the airway.

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25
Q

The EMT shows that he is correctly using the flow-restricted, oxygen-power ventilation device when he:
A) stops ventilating as soon as the patient’s chest begins to rise.
B) increase pressure if the air enters the stomach instead of the lungs.
C) administers each ventilation over 2-to-3 second period
D) ventilates the patient at a rate of 20 breaths per minute.

A

A) stops ventilating as soon as the patient’s chest begins to rise.

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26
Q

Which on the following statements about ventilation of a nonrebreathing patient through a stoma is true?
A) The EMT should ventilate the stoma with a child-sized face mask attached to a BVM.
B) A nasal airway should be inserted into the stoma prior to any attempt at ventilating the patient.
C) Mouth-to-stoma ventilation is an easy and safe procedure to perform on a nonbreathing patient.
D) A head-tilt,chin-lift or jaw-thrust maneuver is still needed to open the airway.

A

A) The EMT should ventilate the stoma with a child-sized face mask attached to a BVM.

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27
Q

You arrive at a residence to assist another crew with a patient in cardiac arrest. As you enter the room, a brand new EMT informs you that he is having difficulty maintaing the mask seal to the patient’s face while ventilating with the BVM. Which one of the following responses shows that you understand and can help with the problem?
A) “Let me maintain the face-to-mask seal while you squeeze the bag.”
B) “I will administer some cricoid pressure. That should help.”
C) “I will check breath sounds to see if air is reaching the lungs.”
D) “Why don’t you try using a larger adult mask and flex the head forward?”

A

A) “Let me maintain the face-to-mask seal while you squeeze the bag.”

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28
Q

You are having a difficult time getting air from the bag-valve mask to pass into the patient’s lungs. Your first action should be to:
A) perform the head-tilt,chin-lift again.
B) perform a finger sweep of the airway.
C) turn the patient on his side and try ventilation again.
D) administer abdominal thrusts

A

A) perform the head-tilt,chin-lift again.

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29
Q

While the EMT is inserting an oropharyngeal airway, the patient gags. The EMT should:
A) lubricate the oropharyngeal airway and reattempt insertion.
B) reattempt insertion using a smaller oropharyngeal airway.
C) remove the airway and maintain the head-tilt,chin lift.
D) use a togue depressor to better place the oral airway.

A

C) remove the airway and maintain the head-tilt,chin lift.

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30
Q
Which body system or structure is responsible for the control and regulation of a person's breathing?
A) Alveoli
B) Spinal cord
C) Brain
D) Lungs
A

C) Brain

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31
Q

You must immobilize a 6 year-old male who was involved in a motor vehicle accident. Regarding the airway,why should you consider placing padding under his shoulders and back?
A) The child’s diaphragm is lower and more difficult to move.
B) The child’s head is larger in proportion to his body.
C) The child’s tongue is larger and weaker than an adult’s
D) The child’s cricoid cartilage is prone to collapse.

A

B) The child’s head is larger in proportion to his body.

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32
Q

Which of the following would cause the greatest decrease in oxygen delivery to the cells?
A) Heart rate above 120 beats per minute.
B) Decreased amount of circulating hemoglobin.
C) Diastolic blood pressure > 100 mmHg.
D) Temperature above 103 F

A

B) Decreased amount of circulating hemoglobin.

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33
Q
The EMT recognizes a late sign of hypoxia when he observes:
A) cyanosis in the fingers.
B) complaint of a headache.
C) restlessness and agitation.
D) elevation in blood pressure.
A

A) cyanosis in the fingers

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34
Q
You arrive at a residence for a male patient who is unresponsive. As you enter the room, you observe an obese male lying on a recliner. His eyes are closed, and he has gurgling respiration. While your partner quickly performs a primary assessment, you should immediately prepare to: 
A) auscultate breath sounds.
B) suction the airway.
C) administer high-concentration oxygen.
D) insert an oropharyngeal airway.
A

B) suction the airway.

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35
Q

When administering oxygen to a hypoxia patient, what signs would you indicate that the patient is improving?
A) The respirations slow from 24 to 22 per minute.
B) The heart rate drops from 120 to 80 beats per minute.
C) The patient becomes more restful and wants to sleep.
D) The blood pressure increase from 136/78 to 150/86 mmHg.

A

B) The heart rate drops from 120 to 80 beats per minute.

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36
Q
While you are transporting a patient with altered mental status, he suddenly vomits partially digested food along with large blood clots. The vomitus is too big for a rigid suction catheter. The EMT should immediately place the patient on his side and: 
A) administer abdominal thrust.
B) use a soft suction catheter.
C) perform a finger sweep.
D) encourage the patient to cough.
A

C) perform a finger sweep.

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37
Q

A patient was eating dinner when he got a piece of food caught in his throat. Although coughing has failed to remove the food,he remains able to move an adequate amount of air into and out of his lungs. A nasal cannula has been applied and vital signs are stable. During transport, the patient suddenly begins to exhibit stridorous respiration. Your immediate action should be to:
A) perform abdominal thrust
B) continue care and transport
C) start positive pressure ventilation.
D) place the patient supine and suction his airway.

A

A) perform abdominal thrust

38
Q
On arrival at a lethargic patient's side, you note her to have gurgling respirations. The best treatment for this condition is: 
A) jaw-thrust
B) suction 
C) oropharyngeal airway 
D) head-tilt,chin-lift
A

B) suction

39
Q
You must suction a male patient who has a decrease ability to swallow secondary to a previous stroke. He also has a history of smoking and lung cancer. Which one of the following represents the most personal protective equipment that you should use with this patient?
A) Gloves,mask with face shield
B) Gloves and goggles.
C) Gloves,gown,HEPA respirator mask 
D) Gloves
A

A) Gloves,mask with face shield

40
Q
The EMT believes that a patient is mildly hypoxic based on findings from the primary assessment. What other sign could the EMT use to confirm his suspicion of mild hypoxia?
A) Restlessness
B) Responsive to verbal stimuli 
C) Sleepy appearance 
D) Cyanosis
A

A) restlessness

41
Q
When providing oxygen via nonrebreather face mask, which one of the following is essential for the EMT to have?
A) Oxygen humidifier
B) High-pressure regulator 
C) D or E oxygen cylinder
D) Therapy regulator
A

D) Therapy regulator

42
Q
In a healthy person, the primary stimulus to breathe is: 
A) Diaphragm 
B) Oxygen 
C) Lung pressure 
D) Carbon dioxide
A

D) Carbon dioxide

43
Q

Your medical director is holding an in-service focusing on the prehospital management of adult patient with respiratory complaints. He asks the group to explain how they can determine if the patient is breathing adequately. Which one the following responses is most appropriate?
A) “The EMT can assume breathing is adequate if the patient has an open airway and a normal respiratory rate.”
B) “Checking the patient’s breath sounds with a stethoscope is the best way to determine if a patient’s breathing is adequate.”
C) “ A patient is breathing adequately if the depth of breathing is shallow, but the rate is increased above normal.”
D) “For an adult patient to be breathing adequately, the rate should be within 8 to 24 breaths per minute with a full chest rise with each breath.”

A

D) “For an adult patient to be breathing adequately, the rate should be within 8 to 24 breaths per minute with a full chest rise with each breath.”

44
Q

The EMT show that she understands how to use an oropharyngeal airway when she states:
A) “Once it has been placed,the head-tilt,chin-lift is no longer needed.”
B) “If it is too small,it could push the epiglottis over the opening of the trachea.”
C) “I must watch the patient for vomiting or spasm of the vocal cords even with proper insertion.”
D) “It protects the patient from aspirating vomit or other secretions.”

A

C) “I must watch the patient for vomiting or spasm of the vocal cords even with proper insertion.”

45
Q

A young child with multiple physical and developmental abnormalities has a severe nose bleed. You must suction his nasopharynx to decrease the amount of blood he is swallowing. Which of the following would be included in this care?
A) Place the patient on his side and gently insert a rigid-tip catheter 1 inch into each nostril starting with the right.
B) Insert a soft catheter into the nose the same length as the distance from the patient’s nose to the tip of his ear.
C) Insert the soft catheter through the nose past the base of the tongue.
D) Irrigate the nostrils with water to thin and loosen the blood prior to suctioning with a rigid catheter.

A

B) Insert a soft catheter into the nose the same length as the distance from the patient’s nose to the tip of his ear.

46
Q

Which one of the following actions indicates that the EMT is correctly using a nonrebreather face on an adult patient?
A) He instructs the patient to take deeper breaths when the mask is on.
B) He ensures that the reservoir fully collapses with each breath.
C) He sets the oxygen flow rate between 6 and 16 liters per minute.
D) He fully inflates the reservoir prior to placing it on the patient.

A

D) He fully inflates the reservoir prior to placing it on the patient.

47
Q

Which one of the following oxygen administration systems will provide the patient with the greatest amount of oxygen?
A) Venturi face mask set to deliver 40% oxygen.
B) Nasal Cannula at 15 liters per minute of oxygen.
C) Nonrebreather face mask at 15 liters per minute of oxygen.
D) Simple face mask at 12 liters per minute of oxygen.

A

C) Nonrebreather face mask at 15 liters per minute of oxygen

48
Q

Which one of the following statements about the flow-restricted,oxygen-power ventilation device is true?
A) “It is very easy to use and has virtually no complications associated with its use.”
B) “It has a safety valve that prevents lung damage from overinflation.”
C) “It is an effective tool by which children can be ventilated.
D) “It can be used to ventilate spontaneously breathing patients.”

A

D) “It can be used to ventilate spontaneously breathing patients.”

49
Q

You arrive to work and note that the portable oxygen tank inn the ambulance are now yellow instead of green as during the previous shift. As a knowledgeable EMT you should:
A) remove the tank and retrieve a green cylinder.
B) recognize the addition of more effective synthetic oxygen.
C) realize that a yellow color indicates new tank that holds more oxygen.
D) determine that your service has switched to the new lightweight oxygen tanks.

A

A) remove the tank and retrieve a green cylinder

50
Q
Assessment findings for an alert and oriented patient complaining of shortness of breath reveal an open airway and strong radial pulse,accompanied by skin that is cool and diaphoretic. The depth of respirations is adequate, and breath sounds include wheezing thought the lungs. Vital signs are a pulse of 124,respiratory rate of 24, blood pressure of 146/82 mmHg, and SpO2 93%. The patient has a history of asthma for which he takes medications. How should you administer oxygen to this patient?
A) Venturi mask 
B) Nonrebreather mask
C) Bag-valve mask
D) Nasal cannula
A

D) Nasal cannula

51
Q

When using a nonrebreather face mask, the EMT recognizes which of the following?
A) The mask is comfortable and well tolerated by all patient when properly applied.
B) Approximately 90% of the patient’s tidal volume will be oxygen.
C) The air exhaled by the patient will be recycled with oxygen.
D) Oxygen is delivered into the lungs even when the patient is not inhaling.

A

B) Approximately 90% of the patient’s tidal volume will be oxygen.

52
Q

Despite coaching and explaining the benefits of a nonrebreather face mask, a moderately short breath and hypoxic patient with lung cancer states that she cannot tolerate the mask over her face. The more that she panics, the worse the shortness of breathe becomes. Your best course of action is to:
A) remove the nonrebreather mask and apply a simple face mask.
B) decrease the oxygen flow rate entering the nonrebreather face mask.
C) disconnect the nonrebreather and replace it with a nasal cannula.
D) discontinue oxygen therapy and continually monitor breath sounds during transport.

A

C) disconnect the nonrebreather and replace it with a nasal cannula.

53
Q

Which one of the following actions should you perform when attaching a therapy regulator to a new oxygen tank?
A) Stand the tank upright on the floor for 2 minutes prior to attaching the regulator.
B) Tighten the regulator to the oxygen cylinder with an oxygen wrench.
C) Lubricate the stem of the cylinder with oil prior to attaching the regulator.
D) Open the cylinder valve for one second prior to attaching the regulator.

A

D) Open the cylinder valve for one second prior to attaching the regulator.

54
Q

You are artificially ventilating an adult male patient who is in respiratory arrest with a bag-valve mask. Which on of the following shows that you are ventilating this patient properly?
A) Clear and equal breath sounds.
B) Adequate chest rise and fall.
C) Ventilation rate of 20 breaths per minute.
D) Ability to fully deflate the self-inflating bag.

A

B) Adequate chest rise and fall.

55
Q

Which one of the following statements about different sizes of oxygen cylinders is true?
A) M tanks are the easiest to carry on the stretcher.
B) D cylinders holds the most oxygen.
C) G and E tanks have the same psi when full.
D) H tanks are the smallest oxygen cylinders.

A

C) G and E tanks have the same psi when full

56
Q

You are transferring an unresponsive patient from her house to the ambulance on the stretcher. An oral airway has been placed and ventilations with the bag-valve mask as being administered. Suddenly, the patient regains consciousness and starts to gag. Your immediate action should be to:
A) remove the oral airway.
B) reassure and calm the patient.
C) leave the airway is but stop ventilations.
D) suction the airway.

A

A) remove the oral airway.

57
Q

You are watching an EMT prepare the ambulance for the upcoming shift. In regards to oxygen cylinders and equipment, which one of the following requires immediate intervention?
A) He makes certain that all valves on the empty oxygen tanks are closed.
B) He lays tanks on the floor when removed from the ambulance.
C) He cleans a dirty oxygen tank with a petroleum-based agent.
D) He ensures that the temperature in the oxygen storage room is under 100 degrees F.

A

C) He cleans a dirty oxygen tank with a petroleum-based agent.

58
Q

A paramedic has asked you to place the patient on a nonrebreather mask at 15 liters per minute. Tp administer oxygen at this flow rate, you should:
A) adjust the tank pressure to 15 pounds per square inch (psi).
B) slowly decrease the tank pressure valve until 15 psi is achieved.
C) select 15 on the oxygen therapy regulator.
D) attach a high-pressure regulator to the oxygen cylinder.

A

C) select 15 on the oxygen therapy regulator

59
Q

Your caring for 46 year old male patient who is unresponsive. Which one the following statements made by your partner indicates the need to immediately stop suctioning the patient’s airway and resume positive pressure ventilation?
A) “His heart rate is 48 beats per minute.”
B) “He is biting down on the rigid-lip catheter.”
C) “You have been suctioning now for 10 seconds.”
D) “He is starting to have gurgling respiration.”

A

A) “His heart rate is 48 beats per minute.”

60
Q

The EMT should use the jaw-thrust maneuver to open the airway for the patient with which of the following?
A) overdose with snoring respirations.
B) unresponsive after falling from a porch.
C) Cardiac arrest in bed.
D) Stroke with gurgling respiration.

A

B) unresponsive after falling from a porch.

61
Q

Why is the jaw-thrust maneuver indicated for a patient with a possible spinal injury?
A) It is a permanent airway intervention that does not require mechanical airway if performed correctly.
B) It is the EMT’s preference as to whether to sue the head-tilt,chin-lift or jaw-thrust maneuver.
C) It manipulates the head and cervical spine less than the head-tilt,chin-lift.
D) It is less painful for the patient since he is already in pain from the injury.

A

C) It manipulates the head and cervical spine less than the head-tilt,chin-lift.

62
Q

The EMT is correctly performing the jaw-thrust airway maneuver when she:
A) places her hands on the side of the patient’s head and lifts the jaw upward.
B) opens the airway by slightly extending the head and thrusting the jaw upward.
C) places one hand on the forehead and lifts the jaw upward with her other hand.
D) maintains the head in a neutral position and slightly tilts the head backwards.

A

A) places her hands on the side of the patient’s head and lifts the jaw upward.

63
Q

Which of the following statements regarding airway management in the trauma patient is correct?
A) The jaw-thrust is useful in the trauma patient, but only if he or she is complaining of head or neck pain.
B) Research has shown that the jaw-thrust is easier to perform and is therefore indicated for the more critical trauma patients.
C) Trauma patients should always have their airway opened with the jaw-thrust while medical patients should receive the head-tilt,chin-lift.
D) Performing the head-tilt,chin-lift maneuver on a patient with a possible spinal injury could further injure or paralyze the patient.

A

D) Performing the head-tilt,chin-lift maneuver on a patient with a possible spinal injury could further injure or paralyze the patient.

64
Q

Hypoxia occurs when which of the following occurs?
A) Carbon dioxide is excreted too rapidly from the lungs.
B) Inadequate amount of O2 are available to the cells.
C) Carbon dioxide accumulates within the body.
D) The respiratory rate fall below 12 breaths per minute.

A

B) Inadequate amount of O2 are available to the cells

65
Q

What condition would the EMT associated with a hypoxic respiratory drive?
A) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
B) Diabetes
C) Congestive heart failure.
D) Pneumonia

A

A) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

66
Q

Which one of the following is best describes the purpose of a Venturi mask?
A) It provides a seal over the larynx,preventing aspiration during positive pressure ventilation.
B) It allows a 100% concentration of oxygen to be delivered.
C) Precise concentrations of oxygen are able to be delivered.
D) The device is used to deliver positive pressure ventilation.

A

C) Precise concentrations of oxygen are able to be delivered

67
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the form or function of the alveoli?
A) The alveoli are covered with small arteries that allow gas exchange.
B) The alveoli permit gas exchange between the lungs and bloodstream.
C) The alveoli are thin walled and covered by smooth muscle.
D) The alveoli are air passages that permit ventilation of the lungs.

A

B) The alveoli permit gas exchange between the lungs and bloodstream

68
Q

When administering continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to a patient, you would recognize that the patient is benefiting from the treatment when the:
A) patient states he is breathing easier.
B) blood pressure drops below 100 mmHg systolically.
C) patient can resume control of his airway.
D) hate rate increases from baseline by 10 percent.

A

A) patient states he is breathing easier.

69
Q
Typically, the highest continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) pressure used for therapy is:
A) 20 cmH2O 
B) 5 cmH2O
C)10 cmH2O
D) 2 cm H2O
A

C)10 cmH2O

70
Q

The difference between respiration and ventilation is best described as:
A) Ventilation describes the exchange of gases at the cellular level while respiration describes the same process in the lungs.
B) Respiration and ventilation are similar terms that both describe normal and healthy breathing in the living organism.
C) Respiration describes the exchange of O2 and CO2, while ventilation describes the movement of air that carriers them.
D) Ventilation describes the absorption of O2 into the cells, while ventilation is excretion of CO2 from the cells.

A

C) Respiration describes the exchange of O2 and CO2, while ventilation describes the movement of air that carriers them.

71
Q

A young male patient has been stabbed in the right lateral chest. Regarding the respiratory system, which of the following represents the greatest danger to his well-being?
A) Loss of serous fluid from membranes in the chest.
B) Loss of oxygen from the lungs through the stab wound.
C) Fracture of the rib and predisposition to pulmonary infection.
D) Collection of air between the pleural and visceral membranes.

A

D) Collection of air between the pleural and visceral membranes.

72
Q
A patient who inhaled superheated steam in an industrial fire is most likely to exhibit which one of the following airway noises?
A) Stridor 
B) Gurgling 
C) Snoring 
D) Wheezing
A

A) Stridor

73
Q
When administering continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) to a patient in respiratory distress, what statement made by the patient would be most concerning?
A) "I feel nauseated."
B) "My mouth is getting dry."
C) "My nose hurts from the mask."
D) "The mask is too tight."
A

A) “I feel nauseated.”

74
Q
The EMT would recognize that administering continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) at too high of a pressure can cause:
A) Lung collapse.
B) oral cavity pressure trauma.
C) pulmonary edema.
D) hypertension
A

A) Lung collapse.

75
Q

You are starting to ventilate a patient with a laryngectomy and stoma. As you provide the first few ventilations, you note that the air passes easily into the patient, but does not cause the chest to rise. Your next action should be to:
A) seal the patient’s mouth and face.
B) perform a head-tilt,chin-lift.
C) ventilate through the mouth and nose.
D) suction the tracheostomy tube.

A

A) seal the patient’s mouth and face.

76
Q

After 2 minutes of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) at 4 cmH2O, you see on improvement in the respiration or SpO2 level. You would:
A) place an oral airway and continue the continuous positive airway pressure.
B) increase the continuous positive airway to 20 cmH2O.
C) continue CPAP as is and monitor the patient for another 2 minutes.
D) stop the CPAP and begin to provide positive pressure ventilation.

A

C) continue CPAP as is and monitor the patient for another 2 minutes.

77
Q

The EMT is properly applying CPAP when he:
A) places the mask over the mouth and nose and tightens it to the
face.
B) checks and documents the pulse oximetry reading every 15 minutes.
C) adjust the ventilation rate to between 16 and 18 breathes per minute.
D) place a confused patient receiving CPAP in a lateral recovery position.

A

A) places the mask over the mouth and nose and tightens it to the
face.

78
Q

What statement made by another crew member would cause you to disregard the use of CPAP for a patient?
A) “He had bleeding stomach ulcers two years ago.”
B) “His SpO2 has fallen from 92% to 88%.”
C) “His respirations are agonal and slow.”
D) “His blood pressure is 186/108.”

A

C) “His respirations are agonal and slow.”

79
Q

What disease process would CPAAP be most beneficial to?
A) Altered mental status with history of COPD.
B) CHF with moderate to severe dyspnea.
C) Asthma with mild shortness of breath.
D) Stroke with agonal respirations.

A

B) CHF with moderate to severe dyspnea.

80
Q

When considering CPAP, the patient must exhibit:
A) ability to breathe on his own.
B) minor to moderate respiratory distress.
C) inability to maintain his airway.
D) SpO2 between 90% and 100%.

A

A) ability to breathe on his own.

81
Q

Your paramedic partner has applied CPAP to a patient in respiratory distress from congestive heart (CHF). As an EMT, you realize that this should benefit the patient by:
A) reinflating portions of the lungs that have collapsed.
B) removing air from the lungs during exhalation.
C) causing the diaphragm to relax during inspiration.
D) forcing fluid in the lungs back into the bloodstream.

A

D) forcing fluid in the lungs back into the bloodstream

82
Q

You are by the side of a patient who fell 5 feet from a ladder, landing on a concrete porch with lower back and buttocks. Assessment reveals an intact airway, adequate respirations, rapid radial pulse, and skin that is cool and diaphoretic. The patient complains of lower back and left leg pain. No deformity to the extremity is noted; however, the lower back is tender on palpation. The following vital signs are obtained: pulse 132, respirations 20, blood pressure 102/88 mmHg, and SpO2 97% on room air. Regarding oxygen therapy, you would:
A) provide 2 lpm O2 through nasal cannula.
B) start positive pressure ventilation to support breathing.
C) administer oxygen at 15 lpm through nonrebreather.
D) recognize a normal SpO2 and forego oxygen therapy.

A

C) administer oxygen at 15 lpm through nonrebreather

83
Q

A listless and lethargic 84-year-old male responds to physical stimuli with garbled speech. His respirations show poor effort and are rapid and labored with a room air SpO2 is 84%. Additionally, you cannot appreciate breath sounds in his right lung. The best form of oxygen therapy for this patient would be:
A) high-concentration oxygen via a nonrebreather.
B) positive pressure ventilation.
C) CPAP
D) 2 lpm via nasal cannula initially and increase liter flow as needed.

A

B) positive pressure ventilation

84
Q

You are administering oxygen at 2 lpm through a nasal cannula to a confused patient. During transport, you note the SpO2 to be 91%, up from 90% on scene. The patient remains confused. Your next action would be to:
A) increase oxygen to 4 liters per minute.
B) start positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen.
C) administer oxygen at 15 lpm through a nonrebreather.
D) remain at 2 lpm and continue to monitor.

A

A) increase oxygen to 4 liters per minute

85
Q
A patient complaining of shortness of breath and a history of asthma has the following vital signs: pulse 96, respirations 20, blood pressure 132/86, and SpO2 92% on room air. Mild wheezing is noted bilaterally and the patient states that she has run out of her rescue inhaler (albuterol). Regarding the patient's respiratory status, you would administer:
A) 4 lpm O2 through a nasal cannula.
B)12 lpm O2 through a nonrebreather.
C) 2 lpm O2 through a nasal cannula.
D)15 lpm O2 through a nonrebreather.
A

C) 2 lpm O2 through a nasal cannula

86
Q
A patient with chest discomfort has the following vital signs: pulse 88, respirations 14, blood pressure 154/84, and SpO2 97% on room air. In this situation, the EMT would address oxygen therapy by administering:
A) blow-by oxygen at 5 lpm. 
B) no oxygen. 
C) nonrebreather at 15 lpm. 
D) nasal cannula at 4 lpm.
A

B) no oxygen

87
Q

Which of the following statements, made by the EMT, reflects correct knowledge regarding the use of oxygen in patient care?
A) “Oxygen administration is no longer considered standard therapy for EMS.”
B) “Oxygen administration should be used in such a way that a patient’s SpO2 reaches 97% to 100%.”
C) “Aside from chest pain, stroke, and trauma, oxygen is no longer used in emergency care.”
D)”Overoxygenating a patient is not an issue for EMS, given the short amount of time we have patient contact.”

A

A) “Oxygen administration is no longer considered standard therapy for EMS.”

88
Q
Which one of the following is obstructing the airway when snoring is heard?
A) Swelling of the larynx 
B) Bronchospasm 
C) The tongue
D) Fluid in the upper airway
A

C) The tongue

89
Q

A 21-year-old female has overdosed on an unknown drug. She has snoring respirations and an intact gag reflex. She has weak respiratory effort and is slightly cyanotic. Given these assessment findings, your care should include:
A) insertion of a nasal airway.
B) transport in a lateral recumbent (recovery) position.
C) placement of an oropharyngeal airway.
D) oxygen via nonrebreather face mask.

A

A) insertion of a nasal airway

90
Q

A patient with a stoma and tracheostomy tube is responsive to painful stimuli and breathing shallowly at 6 times per minute. He has cyanosis of the fingertips and a weak, rapid radial pulse. Which one of the following is best in providing respiratory care to this patient?
A)Remove the tracheostomy tube, place a child mask on the bag-valve, and ventilate the patient through the stoma.
B) Place a tracheostomy mask over the tube and administer high-concentration oxygen.
C) Attach the bag-valve device directly to the tracheostomy tube.
D) Use a continuous positive airway pressure device over the stoma.

A

C) Attach the bag-valve device directly to the tracheostomy tube.

91
Q

When providing an in-service on ventilating the geriatric patient, you should emphasize which one of the following in regards to a patient who has dentures?
A) It is always best to remove dentures regardless of whether they are loose or not.
B) It is best to leave the top appliance in place, but remove the bottom one.
C) Loose appliances should be removed if they interfere with the airway or the seal between the mask and face.
D) Removal of dentures enables the EMT to maintain a better face to mask seal.

A

C) Loose appliances should be removed if they

92
Q

In a healthy patient, for air to be exhaled from the lungs, what must occur?
A) The CO2 levels must be low.
B) The intercostals muscle must contract.
C) The pressure is the lungs must be low.
D) The diaphragm must relax.

A

D) The diaphragm must relax

93
Q
The structure that lies between the trachea and bronchi is:
A) carina. 
B) larynx. 
C) bronchioles. 
D) cricoid cartilage.
A

A) carina.