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AP Psych > Chapter 10 (Personality) Pt. 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 (Personality) Pt. 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Sigmund Freud believe in terms of personality?

A

He believed that one’s personality was set in early childhood.

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2
Q

What is Sigmund Freud’s theory of personality called?

A

Psychosexual stage theory of personality

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3
Q

What does stage theory mean?

A

1) A theory in which development is thought to be discontinuous (stepwise - you move from one stage to the next)
2) All people go through the same stages in the same order

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4
Q

What are the 4 stages of Freud’s theory?

A

1) Oral stage
2) Anal stage
3) Phallic stage
(optional stage in between)
4) Adult genital stage

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5
Q

What is each of Freud’s theories named after?

A

The part of the body that derives sexual pleasure at each stage

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6
Q

At what stage does the Oedipus/Electra crisis happen?

A

Phallic stage

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7
Q

What does a fixation at one of Freud’s stages result from?

A

Being undergratified or overgratified

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8
Q

According to Freud’s theory of personality, a child who was not fed regularly would fixate at which stage?

A

The oral stage

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9
Q

According to Freud’s theory of personality, adults who overeat, chew gum obsessively, and have an addiction to smoking are fixated at which stage?

A

The oral stage

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10
Q

People who are fixated in the Anal phase are of 2 types:

A

1) Anal expulsive personality (under organized)

2) Anal retentive (too organized)

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11
Q

According to Freud’s theory of personality, someone who is excessively sexually assured and aggressive is fixated in which stage?

A

The phallic stage

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12
Q

Freud believed that much of people’s behavior is controlled by:

A

The unconscious

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13
Q

Freud said that the personality consists of 3 parts:

A

1) Id (Pleasure principle)
2) Ego (Reality principle)
3) Superego (Conscience)

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14
Q

At which age does the id exist?

A

From birth

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15
Q

At which age does the ego exist?

A

Around 2-3 years of age

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16
Q

At which age does the superego exist?

A

Around age 5

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17
Q

In which region of the mind does the id exist?

A

The unconscious

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18
Q

In which region of the mind does the ego exist?

A

Partly in the conscious and partly in the conscious

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19
Q

In which region of the mind does the superego exist?

A

Partly in the conscious and partly in the conscious

20
Q

You want to go party, but you need to study. In the end, you come to a compromise where you’ll study for 2 hours, and then go to the party. Which is the id, ego, and superego?

A

Id: Your desire to go to the party
Superego: Your desire to do what you’re socially supposed to
Ego: Your compromise to study AND go to the party

21
Q

What is the ego’s function?

A

Protects the conscious mind from bad thoughts from the unconscious

22
Q

How does the ego protect us?

A

By using defense mechanisms

23
Q

List the defense mechanisms.

A

1) Repression
2) Denial
3) Displacement
4) Projection
5) Reaction formation
6) Regression
7) Rationalization
8) Intellectualization
9) Sublimation

24
Q

What is repression?

A

Banishing unwanted thoughts to the unconscious (from the conscious)

25
Q

What is denial?

A

Not accepting the ego-threatening truth

26
Q

Muffy broke up with Biff, yet he still continues to act as if they’re together. Which defense mechanism is he using?

A

Denial

27
Q

What is displacement?

A

Redirecting one’s feelings towards another person or object.

28
Q

After your teacher yelled at you, you went home and yelled at your sibling. Which defense mechanism are you using?

A

Displacement

29
Q

What is projection?

A

Believing that the feelings one has towards someone are actually held by the other person and directed at himself.

30
Q

Jason’s girlfriend is nice and loving, yet Jason believes she doesn’t love him and wants to break up. In reality, Jason actually doesn’t love her and wants to break up. Which defense mechanism is he using?

A

Projection

31
Q

What is reaction formation?

A

Expressing the opposite of how one truly feels

32
Q

Stacy hates Julie, yet when she talks to her, she acts overly nice. Which defense mechanism is she using?

A

Reaction formation

33
Q

What is regression?

A

Returning to an earlier, comforting form of behavior

34
Q

Ray is stuck in traffic and begins to throw a tantrum. Which defense mechanism is he using?

A

Regression

35
Q

Howard went through a traumatic event and has begun sleeping with his favorite childhood blanket again. Which defense mechanism is he using?

A

Regression

36
Q

What is rationalization?

A

Coming up with a beneficial result of an undesirable occurrence (uses excuses)

37
Q

You can’t reach the red, juicy apple in a tall tree. You say, “whatever, it isn’t that red or juicy anyway.” and you give up. Which defense mechanism is this?

A

Rationalization

38
Q

What is intellectualization?

A

Undertaking an academic, unemotional study of a topic. (Trying to understand why someone is doing something by researching).

39
Q

Amy is rude to Olivia. When Olivia goes home, she starts looking up possible reasons as to why someone may be rude. Which defense mechanism is she using?

A

Intellectualization

40
Q

After Sue broke up with Jeff, he went home and started reading about failed relationships. Which defense mechanism is he using?

A

Intellectualization

41
Q

What is sublimation?

A

Channeling one’s frustration to a more socially acceptable goal. (Healthy defense mechanism)

42
Q

An angry and frustrated child grew up to be a surgeon. Which defense mechanism is this?

A

Sublimation

43
Q

After Mary broke up with Joey, he started going to a boxing gym to cope with his anger and sadness. Which defense mechanism is this?

A

Sublimation

44
Q

What are some criticisms of Freud?

A

1) Little empirical evidence supports it (can’t verify)
2) Little predictive power (can’t predict future problems)
3) Overestimates the importance of early childhood and of sex (personality doesn’t stop at childhood)
4) Feminists believe that Freud assumed men were superior to women

45
Q

Which 2 other scientists developed offshoots of the psychosexual theory?

A

1) Carl Jung

2) Alfred Adler

AP Psych (5 decks)

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