Chapter 10 (Part 1) Flashcards
Motivation
The force that moves people to behave, think, and feel the way they do. It energizes, directs, and sustains behavior. Separates purposeful behavior from reflexive behavior.
What is the idea around evolutionary approach?
Instinct that requires a sign stimulus. Focus on sexual behaviors and competition.
Instinct
An innate (unlearned) biological pattern of behavior that is assumed to be universal throughout a species.
Sign stimulus
Something in the environment that turns on a fixed pattern of behavior.
Drive Reduction Theory
Another way to think about motivation is through the constructs of drive and need. As a drive become stronger, we are motivated to reduce it. The goal is homeostasis.
Drive
An aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need.
Need
A deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation.
Homeostasis
The body’s tendency to maintain an equilibrium, or a steady state or balance.
Optimum Arousal Theory
Suggests that there should be a level of arousal that is ideal for facilitating goal attainment.
Arousal
Feelings of being alert or engaged.
Yerkes-Dodson Law
The psychological principle stating that performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal rather than either low or high arousal. The link between arousal and performance is one reason that individuals in many professions are trained to overlearn important procedures.
Overlearning
Learning to perform a task so well that it becomes automatic.
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.
Bulimia Nervosa
An eating disorder in which the individual (typically female) consistently follows a binge and purge eating pattern.
Binge eating disorder (BED)
An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of eating more food in a short period of time than most people would eat and during which the person feels a lack of control overeating.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Humans have a series of needs to be met, but basic needs must be met before others.
What are the Hierarchy of needs?
Physiological needs, safety, love and belonging, esteem, self-actualization.
Self-actualization
The motivation to develop one’s full potential as a human being- the highest and most elusive of Maslow’s proposed needs. Most people don’t get here.
What are the debates about the self-actualization theory?
Career before love, self-actualization is a little… meh. The question is how do you explain what people do once their needs are met?
Self-Determination theory
Deci and Ryan’s theory asserting that all humans have three basic, innate organismic needs: competence, relatedness, and autonomy.
Intrinsic motivation
Motivation based on internal factors such as organismic needs (competence, relatedness, and autonomy) as well as curiosity, challenge, and fun. May lead to a more positive outcome
Extrinsic motivation
Motivation that involves external incentive such as rewards and punishments.
Self-regulation
The process by which an organism effortfully controls behavior in order to pursue important objectives.
Delay of gratification
Putting off a pleasurable experience in the interest of some larger but later reward. Ex: student does not go out with friends to study for a test, thinking that there will be plenty of time to party after the exam.
