Chapter 10 (Part 1)

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

The force that moves people to behave, think, and feel the way they do. It energizes, directs, and sustains behavior. Separates purposeful behavior from reflexive behavior.

Question 2

What is the idea around evolutionary approach?

Answer 2

Instinct that requires a sign stimulus. Focus on sexual behaviors and competition.

Question 3

Instinct

Answer 3

An innate (unlearned) biological pattern of behavior that is assumed to be universal throughout a species.

Question 4

Sign stimulus

Answer 4

Something in the environment that turns on a fixed pattern of behavior.

Question 5

Drive Reduction Theory

Answer 5

Another way to think about motivation is through the constructs of drive and need. As a drive become stronger, we are motivated to reduce it. The goal is homeostasis.

Question 6

Drive

Answer 6

An aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need.

Question 7

Need

Answer 7

A deprivation that energizes the drive to eliminate or reduce the deprivation.

Question 8

Homeostasis

Answer 8

The body’s tendency to maintain an equilibrium, or a steady state or balance.

Question 9

Optimum Arousal Theory

Answer 9

Suggests that there should be a level of arousal that is ideal for facilitating goal attainment.

Question 10

Arousal

Answer 10

Feelings of being alert or engaged.

Question 11

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 11

The psychological principle stating that performance is best under conditions of moderate arousal rather than either low or high arousal. The link between arousal and performance is one reason that individuals in many professions are trained to overlearn important procedures.

Question 12

Overlearning

Answer 12

Learning to perform a task so well that it becomes automatic.

Question 13

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 13

An eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.

Question 14

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 14

An eating disorder in which the individual (typically female) consistently follows a binge and purge eating pattern.

Question 15

Binge eating disorder (BED)

Answer 15

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of eating more food in a short period of time than most people would eat and during which the person feels a lack of control overeating.

Question 16

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 16

Humans have a series of needs to be met, but basic needs must be met before others.

Question 17

What are the Hierarchy of needs?

Answer 17

Physiological needs, safety, love and belonging, esteem, self-actualization.

Question 18

Self-actualization

Answer 18

The motivation to develop one’s full potential as a human being- the highest and most elusive of Maslow’s proposed needs. Most people don’t get here.

Question 19

What are the debates about the self-actualization theory?

Answer 19

Career before love, self-actualization is a little… meh. The question is how do you explain what people do once their needs are met?

Question 20

Self-Determination theory

Answer 20

Deci and Ryan’s theory asserting that all humans have three basic, innate organismic needs: competence, relatedness, and autonomy.

Question 21

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 21

Motivation based on internal factors such as organismic needs (competence, relatedness, and autonomy) as well as curiosity, challenge, and fun. May lead to a more positive outcome

Question 22

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 22

Motivation that involves external incentive such as rewards and punishments.

Question 23

Self-regulation

Answer 23

The process by which an organism effortfully controls behavior in order to pursue important objectives.

Question 24

Delay of gratification

Answer 24

Putting off a pleasurable experience in the interest of some larger but later reward. Ex: student does not go out with friends to study for a test, thinking that there will be plenty of time to party after the exam.