Chapter 10: Oscillations

Question 1

Define simple harmonic motion

Answer 1

An oscillatory motion where the acceleration is proportional to the displacement from a fixed point, and the acceleration is always directed to the fixed point

(a = -ω²x)

Question 2

State the relationship between velocity v and displacement x

Answer 2

v = ± ω(√x₀² - x²)
v₀ = ± ωx₀

Question 3

Define a free oscillation

Answer 3

An oscillatory motion where an object oscillates under a restoring force only, without any other external forces acting on it

Question 4

Define a damped oscillation

Answer 4

An oscillatory motion where the amplitude decreases with time due to resistive forces acting on it, causing loss of energy

Question 5

Explain light damping

Answer 5

Where the amplitude decreases gradually over time, and the period remains almost the same

Question 6

Explain critical damping

Answer 6

Where the body does not oscillate but returns to the equilibrium position in the shortest possible time

Question 7

Explain heavy damping

Answer 7

Where the body will take a long time to return to its equilbrium position without oscillating

Question 8

Define forced oscillation

Answer 8

An oscillation where an oscillator is made to oscillate at the frequency of the external driver

Question 9

Define resonance

Answer 9

A phenomenon where the amplitude of the oscillator reaches a maximum when the driving frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the oscillator.

Question 10

angular frequency ,w

Answer 10

the rate of change of phase of an oscillator