Chapter 10: Organizational Change And Innovation Flashcards
5 catagories that shape the future of business
1) the marketplace is becoming more segmented and moving toward more niche products
2) more competitors are offering targeted products, requiring faster speed to market
3) some traditional companies may not survive radical change
4) China, India, and other offshore suppliers are changing the way we work
5) knowledge is becoming the new competitive advantage
Disruptive innovation
Process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then relentlessly moves up market, eventually displacing established competitors
Reactive change
Changes made in response to problems or opportunities as they arise
Proactive change
Planned change, making carefully thought-out changes in anticipation of possible or expected problems or opportunities
Forces originating outside the organization
1) Demographic characteristics
2) Technological advancement
3) Shareholder, customer, and market change
4) Social and political pressure
Technology
Any machine or process that enables an organization to gain a competitive advantage in changing materials used to produce a finished product
B corporation
AKA benefit corporation
Company is legally required to adhere to socially beneficial practices, such as helping consumers, employees, or environment
Internal forces inside the organization
1) human resource concerns
2) managers behavior
3 kinds of changes
Adaptive
Innovative
Radically innovative
3 components to the kinds of change
1) the degree of complexity, cost, and uncertaincy
2) potential for generating employee resistance
Adaptive change
Reintroduction of a familiar practice
Ex: holiday Monday, asking people to work 12 hours opposed to 8
Lowest in complexity, cost, and uncertainty
Innovative change
Introduction of a practice that is new to the organization
Ex: starting 24hours
Radically innovative change
Introduces a practice new to the industry
Ex: amazon uses drones to deliver packages
Lewis’s change model 3 components
Unfreezing
Changing
Refreezing
Unfeeezing
Create the motivation to change
Changing
New information, models, and procedures
Refreezing
Support and reinforce the change
Systems model of change 3 parts
Inputs
Target elements of change
Outputs
Readiness for change
The beliefs, attitudes, and intentions of the organization staff regarding the extent of the changes needed and how willing and bake they are to implement them
Force field analysis
A technique to determine which forces could facilitate a proposed change and which forces could act against it
Innovation
Introduction of something new or better, as in goods or services
Product innovation
Change in the appearance or the performance of a product or a service or the creation of a new one
Ex: all iPhone models
Process innovation
Change in the way a product or service is conceived, manufactured, or disseminated
Ex: using 3D printers to make stuff
Innovation system
A coherent set of interdependent processes and structures that dictates how the company searches for novel problems and solutions, synthesizes ideas into a business concept and product designs, and selects which projects gets funded
7 components of the innovation system
1) innovation strategy
2) committees leadership
3) innovative culture and climate
4) requires sructure and processes
5) necessary human capital
6) Human Resources policies, practices and procedures
7) appropriate resources
Crowdsourcing
The practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people and especially from the online community such as Facebook and Twitter
Resistance to change
An emotional / behavioural response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine
Resistance can be considered to be the interaction of 3 causes
1) emplyees characteristics
2) change against characteristics
3) the change agent - employee relationship
Self affirmations
Positive statements that can help you focus on goals, get rid of negative, self defeating beliefs and program your subconscious mind
Self compassion
Gentleness with yourself
