Chapter 10: Muscles

Question 1

properties of muscle tissue (5)

Answer 1

excitability, conductivity, contractility, extensibility, elasticity

Question 2

reactive to stimuli from nervous system or environment, generate electrical or mechanical response

Answer 2

excitability

Question 3

can carry an electric impulse (charge) along the cell membrane

Answer 3

conductivity

Question 4

cells actively shorten (contract) upon stimulation, generates tension

Answer 4

contractility

Question 5

cells can lengthen (extend) when pulled

Answer 5

extensibility

Question 6

tendency to rebound (recoil) to some resting length after contraction or extension

Answer 6

elasticity

Question 7

elongated cell, multiple peripheral nuclei, visible striations, voluntary

Answer 7

skeletal muscle tissue

Question 8

intercalated discs, branching cell, single central nuclei, visible striations, involuntary

Answer 8

cardiac muscle tissue

Question 9

spindle shaped cell, single central nuclei, lack visible striations, involuntary

Answer 9

smooth muscle tissue

Question 10

bundle of cells

Answer 10

muscle fascicle

Question 11

outermost layer of connective tissue around the whole organ

Answer 11

epimysium

Question 12

layer of connective tissue that surrounds fascicles

Answer 12

perimysium

Question 13

thin layer of connective tissue around a cell in each fascicle

Answer 13

endomysium

Question 14

muscle cell membrane

Answer 14

sarcolemma

Question 15

membranous network wrapped around each myofibril, calcium ion storage area

Answer 15

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

carry electrical signals throughout the inside of a skeletal muscle cell

Answer 16

transverse or T tubules

Question 17

cylindrical bundles of protein

Answer 17

myofibrils

Question 18

main proteins in THIN myofilament, held together at ends by Z-line protein

Answer 18

actin

Question 19

contains troponin & tropomyosin proteins

Answer 19

myofilament

Question 20

main proteins in THICK myofilament, held together at ends by M-line protein

Answer 20

myosin

Question 21

what varies in fiber types (4)

Answer 21

size, speed, amount of force, endurance

Question 22

small, slower contracting, dark (red), good aerobic metabolism (fatigue resistance), low force generation

Answer 22

type 1 fibers (slow, oxidative)

Question 23

big, fast, contracting, pale (white), good at anaerobic metabolism (easily fatigued), high force generation

Answer 23

type 2b fibers (fast, glycolytic)

Question 24

somewhere in between (“intermediate”), fast contracting but somewhat fatigue resistant, medium force generation

Answer 24

type 2a fibers (fast, oxidative)