Chapter 10 Muscle Organization

Question 1

Muscle Functions

Answer 1

Movement
Stability
Control of Body Openings and Passages
Heat Production 
Glycogen level control

Question 2

Myology

Answer 2

Study of muscles

Question 3

Endomysium

Answer 3

Thin piece of connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber.
Enables capillaries to reach every muscle fiber and stimulates every muscle cell.
Excitation of muscle= exchange of sodium, calcium, and potassium ions from endomysium and internal muscle fiber.

Question 4

Perimysium

Answer 4

Thicker connective sheath around bundles of fibers called fascicles.
Carries large nerve and blood vessels to fascicles.

Question 5

Epimysium

Answer 5

Fibrous sheath surrounding entire muscle.

Question 6

Fascia

Answer 6

Separates muscle groups from eachother.

Question 7

Fascicle class: Fusiform

Answer 7

Thick in middle and tapered at each end.

eg. Biceps brachaii

Question 8

Fascicle Class: Parallel

Answer 8

Elongated straps: rectus abdominus, sartorius, zygomatic major
Quadrilateral: massater of jaw

Question 9

Fascicle Class: Triangular (convergent)

Answer 9

Triangular, fan shapes. Example pectoralis major or temporalis

Question 10

Fascicle class: Pennate

Answer 10

Feather shaped. Insert into tendon.
Unipennate: all fascicles approach tendon from one side (semimembranous thigh)
Bipennate: fascicles run to tendon form both sides (rectus femoris of thigh)
Multipennate: bunch of feathers with quills at one single point. (deltoid)

Question 11

Fascicle Class: Circular (sphincters)

Answer 11

Form rings around body openings. (Eyelids, anus,)

Question 12

Direct (fleshy) Muscle Attachment

Answer 12

Muscle seems to attach directly to bone. (brachialis)

Question 13

Indirect Muscle Attachment

Answer 13

Muscle is visibly connected to bone through tendon.

Question 14

Aponeurosis

Answer 14

Flat sheet of tendon (hand, feet, abdomin, scalp)

Question 15

Retinaculum

Answer 15

Group of tendons from separate muscles pass under band of connective tissue called retinaculum.

Question 16

Intrinsic Muscle

Answer 16

Any muscle contained in one region

Question 17

Extrinsic Muscle

Answer 17

Arises from another region.

Question 18

Agonist:

Answer 18

Provides most force in the movement of muscles.

Example: Flexing elbow; prime mover is brachialis.

Question 19

Synergist

Answer 19

Muscle that aids prime mover

Question 20

Antagonist

Answer 20

Muscle that opposes action of prime mover.

Question 21

Fixator

Answer 21

Muscles prevents bone from moving