Chapter 10: Mughal India and Central Asia Flashcards
1
Q
Babur
A
“The Tiger” (1483-1530)
- At the time, controlled much of Afghanistan
- His mother descended from the Khan family
- Established the Mughal Dynasty after dominating the North
- Wrote his autobiography, the Baburnama
- Turkic warlord
2
Q
Akbar the Great
A
- Under Akbar, India saw a period of fusion and new authority
- Persian and Delhi-Agra would merge together to create the modern Hindi language
- Would rid of taxes that he hated:
- jizya
- taxing Hindu pilgrimmages
- Knew that he needed the support of all Indians if he was to rule the country effectively
- Was culturally and religiously curious and willing to learn
- Abolished the act of having war prisoners
3
Q
Aurangzeb
A
Polar opposite of his grandfather Akbar
- Used a majoritiy of resources for conquest and spread of the empire; sought to expand his empire South
- Reimposed the jizya tax
- Revolts and riots would increas as a result of the slowly collapsing empire
- Accused of treating non-Muslims harshly
4
Q
jizya
A
Tax imposed imposed opon non-Muslims by Aurangzeb to gain more money for his army and expansion
- Akbar the Great would abolish this tax
5
Q
Taj Mahal
A
Dedicated to Shah Jahan’s past wife Mumtaz Mahal
- Built in Agra
- Took over 20 years to complete
- Required over 20,000 men to build
- Blends both Iranian and Indian themes
- Built during a time of famine
- Also known as Shahjahanabad (“Shah Jahan’s City”)
- Taj = “Tomb”
6
Q
Shah Jahan
A
“Emperor of the World”
Son of Jahangir (“World seizer”)
- Was very traditional and strictly followed the Quran
- Given command of the Indian army after his father Shah Abbas refused to lead the army
- Shah Jahan had planned to seize the throne eventually
- Lived a lavish life and took advantage of all that royalty had to offer
- Built the Taj Mahal in Agra to commemorate her memory
7
Q
Rajput
A
- Had a prominent role in the Mughal army, until Aurangzeb removed them
- Had a fortress in Rajasthan where they woud hold out many annihilation campaigns
- They would still stick around to help be a nuisance to Aurangzeb
- Regional princes from Rahasthan
8
Q
Rajasthan
A
Fortress location of the Rajputs
9
Q
Marathas
A
Most formidable and effective enemy of the Mughals
- Home base was located in the Western Ghats which were well protected by mountains
- The harsh conditions of their home defined and solidified who they were
- Maharashtra -“Great Country”
10
Q
Sikh
A
Sikhs of Punjab
- Sikhism - preached the bhakti message of a universal, loving God whom anyone can reach out to
- Were initially peaceful until Jahangir would make contact with them and execute their leader
- Sikh’s would later create their own armies
- Would become Aurangzeb’s enemies after favoring Dara’s quest for the throne
- New religion that emerged from the Bhakti synthesis
11
Q
Guru Nanak
A
Founder of Sikhism
- (1469-1538)
- Tried to work a compromise between Hinduism and Islam
- Contemporary of Martin Luther
- Preached a universal, loving God
12
Q
Guru Govind Singh
A
Tenth Sikh guru
- Organized the Sikhs into a real political power
- Encouraged the men to be courageous and adopt the surname Singh (“lion”)
- Encouraged:
- Not to cut hair
- Consume alcohol or tobacco
- Under Govind Singh, women were more free
- purdah (veiling) and sati (burning of widows) was banned
13
Q
Shivaji
A
Greatest Marahta leader
- (1627-1680)
- Would lead the Marathas army against Aurangzeb
- Continuously raided Mughal territory over the next 10 years
- Continuously defied Aurangzeb and his armies
- Was a great military strategist and tactician
- Had a council of ministers
- Made Marathi and Sanskrit the court languages
14
Q
Reverse
“The Tiger” (1483-1530)
- At the time, controlled much of Afghanistan
- His mother descended from the Khan family
- Established the Mugahl Dynasty after dominating the North
- Wrote his autobiography, the Baburnama
- Turkic warlord
A
Babur
15
Q
Reverse
- Under Akbar, India saw a period of fusion and new authority
- Persian and Delhi-Agra would merge together to create the modern Hindi language
- Would rid of taxes that he hated:
- jizya
- taxing Hindu pilgrimmages
- Knew that he needed the support of all Indians if he was to rule the country effectively
- Was culturally and religiously curious and willing to learn
- Abolished the act of having war prisoners
A
Akbar the Great
