Chapter 10- LO3 Explain The Gases Formed By Fractional Distillation Are Cool, Liquified And Stored For Use Flashcards
Explain the process of evaporation
As energy is added to a liquid taking it up to its boiling point then beyond the boiling point, the energy is added to the molecules. When sufficient energy is added the bonds between the molecules is broken
Explain the process of condensation
A gas has energy removed when the temperature is reduced to the boiling point. When energy continues to be removed the material’s temperature remains at the boiling point the molecules continue to lose energy and bonds are made between them. The material is changing state from a gas to a liquid at the same temperature. As material continues to lose energy it is in the liquid state and it’s temperature falls.
What does crude oil extracted from the ground consist of?
Hydrogen and carbon
Explain the relationship between hydrocarbon length and its physical properties.
Short hydrocarbons: Are more volatile resulting in them making better fuels
Longer hydrocarbons: Are less volatile resulting in poorer fuels. Other uses are generally derived from the longer hydrocarbons
What process is carried out on crude oil before use on industry.
Sketch this process and explain fully
Sketch in chapter 10 LO3
Answer) Fractional distillation
Process: Crude oil is heated at entry to a heating furnace so that all lengths of hydrocarbons are evaporated into a gaseous state. They then enter a large fractionating tower. Some of the longest hydrocarbons will condense at the bottom of the tower and are a residue which can be used in bitumen for road surfacing.
All other length hydrocarbons rise upwards towards the separating plate at 350 degrees. Here fuel oil, with a boiling point greater than 350 degrees condenses into a liquid. It falls due to gravity and leaves the tower. As all other hydrocarbons have a boiling point lower than 350 degrees they remain in a gaseous state and continue to rise towards the second separating plate.
