Chapter 10 - Late Childhood Flashcards
The social cognitive process involved in assuming the perspective of others and understanding their thoughts
and feelings.
Perspective taking
Refers to global evaluations of the self; it is also called self-worth or self-image.
Self-esteem
Refers to domain-specific evaluations of the self.
Self-concept
Belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes.
Self-efficacy
An increase capacity that characterized by deliberate efforts to manage one’s behavior, emotions, and thoughts,
leading to increased social competence and achievement.
Self-regulation
An educational program that focuses on these aspects of social-emotional learning from pre-K through the eighth grade.
Second step
An educational program that targets five core social and emotional learning domains.
Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning or CASEL
Who proposed the second major perspective on moral development?
Lawrence Kohlberg
The lowest level of moral reasoning that children interpret good and bad in terms of external rewards and punishments.
Preconventional reasoning
Kohlberg’s theory of moral development where individuals abide by certain standards (internal), but they are the standards of others, such as parents or the laws of society and it is also called the second level of Kohlberg’s moral reasoning.
Conventional reasoning
This is the third and highest level in Kohlberg’s theory. At this level, morality is more internal. Individuals engage in deliberate checks on their reasoning to ensure that it meets high ethical standards.
Postconventional reasoning
A moral perspective that focuses on the rights of the individual and in which individuals independently make moral decisions.
Justice perspective
The moral perspective of Carol Gilligan, which views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others.
Care perspective
A theory where children’s and adolescents’ moral, social conventional, and personal knowledge and reasoning
emerge from their attempts to understand and deal with different forms of social experience.
Domain theory of moral development
This focuses on conventional rules that have been established by social consensus in order to control behavior and maintain the social system.
Social conventional reasoning
A pattern of moral characteristics that is distinctively their own.
Moral personality
A moral that individual has when moral notions and moral commitments are central to their lives.
Moral identity
A kind of moral that a person which has the willpower, desire, and integrity to stand up to pressure, overcome distractions and disappointments, and behave morally.
Moral character
A moral that individual has which their moral personality, identity, character, and set of virtues reflect moral excellence and commitment.
Moral exemplars
A notion reflect which are broad categories that reflect general impressions and beliefs about females and males.
Gender stereotypes
Children who are frequently nominated as a best friend and are rarely disliked by their peers.
Popular children
Children who receive an average number of both positive and negative nominations from peers.
Average children
hildren who are infrequently nominated as a best friend but are not disliked by their peers.
Neglected children
Children who are infrequently nominated as a best friend and are actively disliked by their peers.
Rejected children
Children who are frequently nominated both as a best friend and as being disliked by their peers.
Controversial children
Friendship provides children with a familiar partner and playmate, someone who is willing to spend time with them and join in collaborative activities.
Companionship
Friendship provides children with interesting information, excitement, and amusement.
Stimulation
Friendship provides resources and assistance.
Physical support
Friendship provides the expectation of support, encouragement, and feedback, which helps children maintain an impression of themselves as competent, attractive, and worthwhile individuals.
Ego support
Friendship provides information about where the child stands vis-à-vis others and whether the child is doing okay.
Social comparison
Friendship provides children with a warm, close, trusting relationship with another individual.
Affection and intimacy
A learner-centered approach that emphasizes the importance of individuals actively constructing their knowledge and understanding with guidance from the teacher.
Constructivist approach
Teacher-centered approach that is characterized by teacher direction and control, high teacher expectations for students’ progress, maximum time spent by students on academic tasks, and efforts by the teacher to keep negative affect to a minimum.
Direct instruction approach
