Chapter 10: Issues of Substance Abuse and Related Crime in Adolescence

Question 1

Drug Use Trends

Answer 1

Substance use rates among adolescents have stabilized and even shown an increase for some substances, such as vaping

Question 2

Alcohol Use

Answer 2

Most common substance used by youth
Legal age is 19 in all provinces except Alberta, Manitoba, Quebec

Question 3

Tobacco Use

Answer 3

One of the most common substances used by youth
Tobacco use is declining

Question 4

Cannabis Use

Answer 4

Commonly used among youth, second behind alcohol
Common between ages 15-19

Question 5

Other Drug Use

Answer 5

Rates of illegal drug abuse are relatively low

Question 6

Social Desirability Effects

Answer 6

Biases in research caused by respondents desire to provide what they feel is the socially acceptable response or “what the researcher wants to hear”

Question 7

Street Involved Youth

Answer 7

People 25 years or younger who do not have a safe home or are underhoused, who have been forced to leave their family of origin; who have run away without parental consent or run away from foster care; or who are not living on the street but experiment and engage in street activities and identify with street culture

Question 8

Reasons Youth Use Drugs

Answer 8

For Pleasure
Peer Pressure
Means of Coping

Question 9

Negative Effects of Substance Use

Answer 9

Consequences of Impairment
General Health Risks

Question 10

Method of Administration

Answer 10

The path by which a drug or other substance is brought into contact with the body. Common methods include smoking, ingestion, injection, and intranasal inhalation

Question 11

Binge Drinking

Answer 11

Heavy alcohol consumption over a short period of time for the purpose of becoming intoxicated
Usually 5 or more drinks for male, 4 or more drinks for females

Question 12

Psychosis

Answer 12

A symptom of mental illness involving a substantial alteration to an individual’s personality and a loss of contact with objective reality

Question 13

Dependence

Answer 13

When use of a substance is needed to achieve normal daily functioning or when substance use leads to tolerance

Question 14

Crime Caused by Impairment

Answer 14

Property damage
Public disorder
Violent offences
Shoplifting
Driving offences

Question 15

Drug Recognition Expert Evaluation (DRE)

Answer 15

A standardized procedure performed by a trained drug recognition expert involving visual cues, vital signs, questioning, and provision of bodily fluids by the potentially impaired driver, used for determining impairment by drugs or by a drug in combination with alcohol

Question 17

Proactive Police Work

Answer 17

Enforcement activities that are police initiated rather than in response to a call for service

Question 18

Dial-a-Dopers

Answer 18

Individuals who are given one or more cellphones by a criminal organization and deliver drugs to specific locations when customer wanting drugs call the phone to place an order

Question 19

Canadian Standards for Youth Substance Abuse Prevention

Answer 19

Prevention is most successful when schools, families, and organizations throughout the community are involved
School based prevention is most successful when it’s integrated into the school’s core mission and links to community initiatives
Family skills training should be included in prevention initiatives

Question 20

Universal Prevention

Answer 20

Initiatives that are appropriate for the population at large

Question 21

Selective Prevention Program

Answer 21

Strategies appropriate for groups that are particularly at risk

Question 22

Indicated Prevention Programs

Answer 22

Strategies appropriate appropriate for individuals at risk

Question 23

Effective Family Based Initiatives

Answer 23

Supporting parents in taking a more active role in their children’s lives
Supporting parents on how to provide positive and appropriate discipline
Supporting parents in being role models for their children

Question 24

Fear Based Communication

Answer 24

Messages used to frighten youth away from experimentation with substances by emphasizing the potential negative effects of use

Question 25

Harm Reduction Strategies

Answer 25

Any policy or program that is designed to reduce the level of harm associated with substance use without requiring the cessation of use

Question 26

Best Treatment Practices

Answer 26

Use a readiness-to-change model
-Understanding and assessing treatment as an individual goes through major life changes
Strength based programs
-Promoting positive change by recognizing and engaging the strengths of individuals and communities
Youth perspectives
-Youth leadership should be encouraged when organizing and delivering community based services and programs
Youth specific services
-Should be offered and accessible