CHAPTER 10: HOW DO WE HEAR, SPEAK AND MAKE MUSIC? Flashcards
Neanderthals:
A) did not bury their dead with artifacts.
B) were assumed to have complex language.
C) left evidence that they may have had musical instruments.
D) did not use tools.
C) left evidence that they may have had musical instruments.
Research into the evolution of music suggests that:
A) all singing primates are monogamous.
B) music may be related to sexual behavior.
C) music is processed by the right temporal lobe.
D) All of the answers are correct.
D) All of the answers are correct.
3. Sound waves are created by: A) the compression of air molecules B) the rarefaction of air molecules. C) undulating displacement of air molecules caused by pressure changes. D) None of the answers is correct.
C) undulating displacement of air molecules caused by pressure changes.
4. Sound travels at a speed of: A) 700 feet/second. B) 1100 feet/second. C) 1000 feet/second. D) 800 feet/second.
B) 1100 feet/second.
5. Twenty-five cycles per second is equivalent to: A) 5 Hz. B) 25 Hz. C) 50 Hz. D) 100 Hz.
B) 25 Hz.
6. Frequency of sound waves roughly corresponds to our perception of: A) timbre. B) complexity. C) loudness. D) pitch.
D) pitch.
- The range for the perception of sound in humans is:
B) 20 to 20,000 Hz.
8. Which of the following species is said to have a narrow range of auditory frequency perception? A) birds B) whales C) humans D) bats
A) birds
9. Another word for sound quality or complexity is: A) pitch. B) timbre. C) loudness. D) prosody.
B) timbre.
10. If we increase the amount of air that is compacted in each sound wave but keep the same number of waves, then we have changed the: A) timbre. B) pitch. C) sound amplitude. D) frequency.
C) sound amplitude.
11. Decibels are a measure of: A) sound amplitude. B) pitch. C) frequency. D) timbre.
A) sound amplitude.
12. Normal speech sounds are around: A) 30 dB. B) 40 dB. C) 50 dB. D) 60 dB.
B) 40 dB.
13. Sounds that are louder than \_\_\_\_\_\_ are considered by most people to be loud. A) 50 dB B) 90 dB C) 100 dB D) 70 dB
D) 70 dB
14. Exposure to sounds louder than \_\_\_\_\_\_ is likely to cause hearing damage. A) 50 dB B) 70 dB C) 120 dB D) 100 dB
D) 100 dB
15. Rock musicians frequently show loss of sensitivity to sound in the: A) 4000-Hz range. B) 5000-Hz range. C) 6000-Hz range. D) 7000-Hz range.
C) 6000-Hz range.
16. Pure tones are sounds: A) that are not amplified. B) with a single frequency. C) that have a unique timbre. D) with a pitch between 5000 and 10,000Hz.
B) with a single frequency.
17. Complex tones are: A) low-frequency tones. B) high-frequency tones. C) a combination of frequencies. D) half tones.
C) a combination of frequencies.
18. In order to break a complex tone down into its constituent pure tones, perform a: A) Fourier analysis. B) regression analysis. C) pattern analysis. D) spectral analysis
A) Fourier analysis.
19. The rate at which a complex waveform repeats is called its: A) resonant frequency. B) Fourier frequency. C) fundamental frequency. D) repetition frequency.
C) fundamental frequency.
- Overtones are:
A) high-frequency tones.
B) half increments of the fundamental frequency.
C) multiples of the fundamental frequency.
D) restricted only to speech sounds.
C) multiples of the fundamental frequency.
21. \_\_\_\_\_\_ are examples of complex tones. A) Notes played by musical instruments B) Bird songs C) Human speech sounds D) All of the answers are correct
D) All of the answers are correct.
22. Aperiodic tones are considered to be: A) noise. B) pure tones. C) complex tones. D) overtones
A) noise.
23. Nonspeech and nonmusical noise are perceived as a buzz at a rate of about: A) 3 segments per second. B) 5 segments per second. C) 7 segments per second. D) 10 segments per second
B) 5 segments per second.
24. We are capable of understanding speech at rates of \_\_\_\_\_\_ segments per second. A) 30 B) 40 C) 50 D) 60
A) 30
25. Frequency is described in: A) decibels. B) hertz. C) pitch. D) segments per second.
B) hertz.
26. Musical sounds differ from one another in: A) loudness. B) quality. C) pitch. D) loudness, quality, and pitch.
D) loudness, quality, and pitch.
27. Timbre refers to: A) our perception of loudness. B) our perception of pitch. C) a sound’s perceived uniqueness. D) None of the answers is correct.
C) a sound’s perceived uniqueness.
28. Prosody means the same as: A) tone of voice. B) speech amplitude. C) speed of language. D) frequency.
A) tone of voice.
29. It is likely that speech and music perception is located in the: A) frontal lobes. B) parietal lobes. C) temporal lobes. D) frontal and temporal lobes.
C) temporal lobes.
30. The auditory system has: A) one type of receptor. B) three types of receptors. C) a different type of receptor for each frequency. D) four types of receptors.
A) one type of receptor.
- The purpose of the pinna is to:
A) transduce sound waves into neural firing.
B) protect the inner ear.
C) funnel sound waves into the ear canal.
D) vibrate in response to sound waves.
D) vibrate in response to sound waves.
32. The correct order of the middle ear bones from nearest to the eardrum to nearest the oval window is: A) stirrup, anvil, hammer. B) anvil, hammer, stirrup C) hammer, stirrup anvil D) hammer, anvil, stirrup
D) hammer, anvil, stirrup
33. The auditory receptors are: A) on the basilar membrane. B) on the tectorial membrane. C) outer hair cells. D) on the basilar membrane and outer hair cells.
A) on the basilar membrane.
34. The stirrup sits against the: A) eardrum. B) oval window. C) round window. D) cochlea.
B) oval window.
36. \_\_\_\_\_\_ act as auditory receptor cells. A) Inner hair cells B) Outer hair cells C) Auditory nerves D) Both inner and outer hair cells
A) Inner hair cells
37. Which of the following frequencies is likely to be coded closest to the apex of the cochlea? A) 15,000 Hz B) 18,000 Hz C) 300 Hz D) 1000 Hz
C) 300 Hz
35. \_\_\_\_\_\_ are attached to the basilar membrane. A) Inner hair cells B) Semicircular canals C) Outer hair cells D) Both inner and outer hair cells
D) Both inner and outer hair cells