Chapter 10: Head, eyes, ears, nose, throat

Question 1

tinnitus

Answer 1

ringing in the ears

Question 2

Six bones

form the skull

Answer 2

(one frontal bone, two parietal bones, two
temporal bones, and one occipital bone) and are fused
together at sutures.

Question 3

The facial

muscles are innervated by cranial nerves

Answer 3

V (trigeminal) and

VII (facial).

Question 4

sclera

Answer 4

is a tough, fibrous outer layer commonly

referred to as the white of the eye.

Question 5

palpebral conjunctiva

Answer 5

lines the eyelids and contains

blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands

Question 6

cornea

Answer 6

tears supply oxygen.
allow light transmission
through the lens to the retina.

Question 7

The central opening of the iris

Answer 7

the pupil,
allows light transmission to the retina through the transparent
lens.

Question 8

The inner layer of the eye, the retina,

Answer 8

is an extension of the
central nervous system. This transparent layer has photoreceptor
cells, termed rods and cones

Question 9

tempanic membrane TM

Answer 9

composed of layers of skin,
fibrous tissue, and mucous membrane, is shiny and pearl
gray.

Question 10

the eustachian tube

Answer 10

It opens briefly during
yawning, swallowing, or sneezing to equalize the pressure of
the middle ear to the atmosphere.

Question 11

organ of Corti

Answer 11

the structure that is responsible for
hearing. Specialized hair cells on the organ of Corti act as
sound receptors.

Question 12

nasal cavity is lined

with

Answer 12

highly vascular mucous membranes containing cilia
(nasal hairs) that trap airborne particles and prevent them
from reaching the lungs.

Question 13

make the skull lighter

Answer 13

air-filled cavities (i.e., sphenoid, frontal, ethmoid, and maxillary)
They
are lined with mucous membranes and cilia that move secretions
along excretory pathways.

Question 14

thyroid gland, the largest endocrine gland in the body,

produces two hormones

Answer 14

thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine
(T3), which regulate cellular metabolism. Mental and
physical growth and development depend on thyroid hormones.

Question 15

The most commonly reported problems related to the head
and related structures (eyes, ears, nose, throat, and neck)
include

Answer 15

headache, dizziness, difficulty with vision, hearing
loss, ringing in the ears, earache, nasal discharge, sore throat,
and mouth lesions.

Question 16

a symptom analysis is completed using the mnemonic

OLD CARTS

Answer 16

includes the Onset, Location,
Duration, Characteristics, Aggravating factors, Related symptoms,
Treatment, and Severity

Question 17

Dizziness

Answer 17

is a feeling of faintness

experienced within the patient.

Question 18

vertigo

Answer 18

is a sensation
that the environment is whirling around external to the
patient. The perception of movement distinguishes dizziness
from vertigo

Question 19

Sinus headaches

Answer 19

may cause tenderness over frontal or maxillary

sinuses.

Question 20

Tension

Answer 20

Tension

described as viselike

Question 21

migraine

Answer 21

unilateral produce throbbing

Question 22

Cluster headaches

Answer 22

occur more than once a day
and last for less than an hour to about 2 hours

may occur with nasal stuffiness
or discharge, red teary eyes, or drooping eyelids.

Question 23

head exam techniques

Answer 23

• INSPECT the head.

* INSPECT the facial structures.

Question 24

eyes

Answer 24

• TEST visual acuity.
• INSPECT the external ocular structures:
• Eyebrows, eyelids, eyelashes
• Conjunctiva
• INSPECT the eyes.
• INSPECT the corneal light reflex.
• INSPECT the sclera.
• INSPECT the cornea transparency and surface
characteristics.
• INSPECT the iris.
• INSPECT the pupils.

Question 25

ears

Answer 25

• ASSESS hearing based on response from conversation.
• INSPECT the external ears.
• INSPECT the external auditory meatus

special

• PALPATE the external ears and mastoid areas.
• INSPECT the internal ear structures:
• External ear canal
• Tympanic membrane
• TEST auditory function

Question 26

mouth

Answer 26

• INSPECT the lips.
• INSPECT the teeth and gums.
• INSPECT the tongue.
• INSPECT the buccal mucosa and anterior and posterior
pillars.
• INSPECT the palate, uvula, posterior pharynx, and tonsils

special
• PALPATE the teeth, inner lips, and gums.
• PALPATE the tongue.

Question 27

neck

Answer 27

• INSPECT the neck:
• Appearance
• Position
• Skin characteristics

neck spacial cicumstances

• INSPECT the neck:
• Range of motion
• PALPATE the neck:
• Anatomic structures
• Tenderness
• Muscle strength
• Thyroid gland

Question 28

head special circumstances

Answer 28

• PALPATE structures of the skull.
• PALPATE the bony structures of the face and jaw.
• PALPATE the temporal arteries

Question 29

eyes special circumstances

Answer 29

• ASSESS the visual fields for peripheral vision.
• ASSESS eye movement:
• Six cardinal fields of gaze
• Cover-uncover test
• PALPATE the eye, eyelids, and lacrimal puncta.
• TEST the corneal reflex.
• INSPECT the anterior chamber.
• INSPECT intraocular structures:
• Red reflex
• Optic disc
• Retinal vessels
• Retinal background
• Macula

Question 30

PERRLA

Answer 30

Pupils are
Equal and
Round and
React to
Light and
Accommodation.