CHapter 10: Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

Question 1

What does CPTED stand for?

Answer 1

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

Question 2

What program was the precursor to CPTED?

Answer 2

US. HUD’s Defensible Space.

Question 3

Who created the HUD program Defensible Space?

Answer 3

Oscar Newman

Question 4

What did the HUD program Defensible Space explore?

Answer 4

how opportunities for criminal behavior were being engineered into our built environments.

Question 5

Who was the first person to use the term CPTED?

Answer 5

Ray Jeffrey in his book Crime Prevention Through Enviornmental Design (1971)

Question 6

What items does CPTED target?

Answer 6

1. Places
2. Behavior
3. Design and use of space.

Question 7

What are the three underlying elements of CPTED?

Answer 7

1. Territoriality
2. Surveillance
3. Access Control

Question 8

What types of measures can CPTED be?

Answer 8

1. Mechanical
2. Organizational
3. natural

Question 9

What does the mechanical measures of CPTED include?

Answer 9

physical security hardware or electronic systems such as locks, fencing, or CCTV.

Question 10

What does the organizational measures of CPTED include?

Answer 10

people or activities rather than equipment, such as security guards, police patrols, or neighborhood watch patrols.

Question 11

What do the natural measures of CPTED include?

Answer 11

Natural Features such as terrain, layout, landscaping, gates, walls, and other nonmechanical objects.

Question 12

What are some examples of CPTED tools?

Answer 12

1. Natural territorial reinforcement
2. Natural Surveillance
3. Natural Access Control
4. Management and Maintenance
5. Legitimate Activity Support

Question 13

What does Natural Territorial Reinforcement mean?

Answer 13

The process of establishing a sense of ownership, responsibility, and accountability in property owners, managers, or occupants to increase vigilance in identifying trespassers.

Question 14

What is Natural Surveillance?

Answer 14

Increasing visibility by occupants and casual observers for the detection of trespassers or misconduct at a facility.

Question 15

What is Natural Access Control?

Answer 15

The use of real and symbolic barriers-including doors, fences, and shrubbery- to define and limit access to a building or other space.

Question 16

What is management and maintenance in regard to CPTED?

Answer 16

For spaces to look well cared for and crime-free, they must be well maintained.

Question 17

What does the broken window theory suggest?

Answer 17

Leaving broken windows or other decay markers unattended or unrepaired can lead to the impression of abandonment and increase crime opportunity because no capable guardian is observed.

Question 18

What is legitimate activity support?

Answer 18

when a space is used by the authorities or management for legitimate activity. ie, placing a police substation is an empty building or moving maintenance staff into an unused area. Drug and other criminal activity thrive in spaces where legitimate activity support is not maintained.

Question 19

What is a key element of CPTED during the design or redesign of a venue.

Answer 19

That you can reduce crime opportunity and fear of crime through natural, mechanical, and organizational or procedural means.

Question 20

Name two crime prevention operating assumptions when applying CPTED?

Answer 20

1. crime prevention knowledge is continually developing and is interdisciplinary in nature.
2. Crime prevention strategies must remain flexible and creative.

Question 21

What increases the likelihood of crime?

Answer 21

When a potential criminal feels the chances of detection and identification are low and the chances of escape are high.

Question 22

What are some CPTED steps that can assist in preventing repeat victimization?

Answer 22

1. Quickly remove signs of victimization.
2. Improve physical security.
3. Block Easy Access to Targets.
4. Protect especially vulnerable targets.
5. Regulate access to high-risk assets or areas.

Question 23

What is the Capable Guardian Concept?

Answer 23

Criminals generally avoid targets or victims who are perceived to be armed, capable of resistance, or potentially dangerous.

Question 24

Second generation CPTED employs what four main strategies?

Answer 24

1. Cohesion
2. Capacity Threshold
3. Community Culture
4. Connectivity

Question 25

How is Cohesion implemented in second generation CPTED?

Answer 25

through community groups, neighborhood associations, and personal development programs (such as training on leadership, financial, and organizational skills, and conflict resolution.)

Question 26

What is Capacity Threshold also known as?

Answer 26

Tipping Point Theory.

Question 27

What is Capacity Threshold?

Answer 27

a strategy that attempts to balance land uses and urban features.

Question 28

What does community culture aim to do?

Answer 28

bring neighborhood people together for a common purpose through cultural, artistic, sporting, and other recreational activities.

Question 29

What does connectivity aim to do?

Answer 29

link the neighborhood to surrounding neighborhoods and to funding and political support from corporations and upper levels of government.

Question 30

Give a quick breakdown on the focus of the various generations of CPTED.

Answer 30

1st generation manifested a fortified city mentality, the 2nd generation focused on socio-economically balanced community. The 3rd generation of CPTED is more focused on reprogramming the urban space through digital means on one hand, and green technologies on the other.

Question 31

What are the steps to a traditional building planning process?

Answer 31

1. Programming- 2. Schematic Design 3. Design Development 4. Construction Documents or Working Drawings 5. Bids for construction and selection of contractor

Question 32

What is programming in the traditional building planning process?

Answer 32

where the owner informs the architect about the building's purpose and occupants.

Question 33

What is schematic design in the traditional building planning process?

Answer 33

Where the architect develops bubble diagrams reflecting circulation patterns and proximity relationships based on the programming information. The diagrams evolve into drawings of the floor plan, site plan, and elevations as the beginning of engineering considerations.

Question 34

What is design development in the traditional building planning process?

Answer 34

The architect presents ideas to the client and makes design corrections.

Question 35

What are construction documents in the traditional building planning process?

Answer 35

These are the final drawings prepared for construction purposes.

Question 36

What happens during the bids for construction and selection of contractor phase in the traditional building planning process?

Answer 36

The architectural drawings and specifications are put out to bid.

Question 37

What three challenges does security design pose for architects?

Answer 37

1. Determining requirements. 2. Knowling the technology. 3. Understanding architectural implications.

Question 38

What does the architect need to consider when determining requirements for security design?

Answer 38

the designated purpose of the space or building and examine the cultural, legal, and physical definitions of the prescribed, desired, and acceptable behaviors.

Question 39

How does knowing the technology pose a challenge for the architect?

Answer 39

Rapid advances in security technology make it challenging to keep up to date.

Question 40

Where should access control be considered?

Answer 40

1. all entrances and exits to the site and building 2. internal access points to restricted or controlled areas. 3. environmental and building features used to gain access. 4. security screening devices.

Question 41

What are some examples of the types of security zones?

Answer 41

1. Unrestricted Zones. 2, Controlled Zones. 3, Restricted Zones.

Question 42

What is an unrestricted zone?

Answer 42

encourages persons to conduct their business and leave the facility without entering controlled or restricted zones.

Question 43

What are controlled zones?

Answer 43

zones where personnel may enter only if they have a valid purpose for entry.

Question 44

What are restricted zones?

Answer 44

These are sensitive areas limited only to staff assigned to those areas.