Chapter 10 Articulations (Joints)

Question 1

Bursitis

Answer 1

Inflammation of a bursa.

Bursa: small cushion-like sac found between moving body parts, making movement easier.

Question 2

Ligament

Answer 2

Connects bones to bones

Band of white fibrous tissue

Question 3

Tendon

Answer 3

Attach muscle to bone or other structure.

Bands or cords of fibrous connective tissue

Question 4

Dislocation

Answer 4

Condition in which the articulate surfaces of bones forming a joint are no longer in proper contact.

Question 5

Fibrous/synarthrosis joints

Answer 5

Fit closely together and have little or no movement.
Ligaments tightly connect bones (radius/ulna)
Sutures in cranium ( bone to bone)
Periodontal membrane in teeth and gums

Question 6

Cartilaginous/amphiarthroses joints

Answer 6

Joints connected by hyaline or fibrocartilage and have limited movement.

Hyaline cartilage joins ribs and sternum, and growth plates in growing children.

Symphysis: pubic symphysis and disks in vertebral column.

Question 7

Synovial/diarthroses joints

Answer 7

More complex and freely moveable joints. Most numerous and flexible of joints.

Question 8

Joint capsule (synovial joint)

Answer 8

Extensions of periosteum bind bones together.

Question 9

Synovial membranes (synovial joint)

Answer 9

Lines inside of joint capsule and surface of articular cartilage, secrete fluid for lubrication and cushioning.

Question 10

Articulate cartilage (synovial joint)

Answer 10

Covers surface of bones and joints

Question 11

Joint cavity (synovial joint)

Answer 11

Small space between bones filled with fluid, increases mobility.

Question 12

Meniscus

Answer 12

Pads of cartilage in some joints help stabilize bones.

Question 13

Hinge joint

Answer 13

Allow only flexion and extension movements.

• elbow, knee, fingers
• stable and strong

Question 14

Uniaxial joints

Answer 14

Joints that permit movement around only one axis or in one plane.

• hinge joint
• pivot joint

Question 15

Pivot joints

Answer 15

Allow movement around a point.

-radius, ulna, atlas, axis

Question 16

Biaxial joints

Answer 16

Joints that permit movement around two perpendicular axes or planes.

• saddle joints
• condyloid joints

Question 17

Saddle joints

Answer 17

Found in thumbs

Question 18

Condyloid joints

Answer 18

Between skull and atlas, radius and carpals.

Question 19

Multiaxial joints

Answer 19

Joints that permit movement around three or more axes or planes.

• ball and socket joints
• gliding joints

Question 20

Ball and socket joints

Answer 20

Most moveable of joints.

-shoulder and hip

Question 21

Gliding joints

Answer 21

Provide less movement along a flat surface.

Least moveable of synovial joints.

-carpals, tarsals, processes of vertebrae.

Question 22

Circular movements of synovial joints

Answer 22

Rotation, circumduction, supination, pronation

Question 23

Angular movements at synovial joints

Answer 23

Flexion, extension, plantar flexion and dorsiflexion (foot), abduction, adduction.

Question 24

Gliding movements of a synovial joint

Answer 24

Simplest of movements.

-carpals, tarsals, vertebrae

Question 25

Simple movements at synovial joints

Answer 25

Unusual or unique and occur in a few joints.

Question 26

Flexion

Answer 26

Decrease angle between bones.

Ex: bending knee or elbow

Question 27

Extension

Answer 27

Increases angle between bones.

Ex: straighten elbow

Question 28

Plantar flexion / dorsiflexion

Answer 28

Plantar- point foot down

Dorsi- point toe up

Question 29

Abduction

Answer 29

Moving an arm or leg away from the midline of the body.

Ex: lifting the arm to the side

Question 30

Adduction

Answer 30

Moving an arm or leg toward the midline of the body.

Ex: gripping the sides of a horse while riding.

Question 31

Rotation

Answer 31

Pivoting a bone on its own axis.

Ex: saying “no.”

Question 32

Circumduction

Answer 32

Moving the distal end of a bone in a circle.

Ex: winding up to throw a ball.

Question 33

Supination

Answer 33

Turns the palm side up. Lying face up.

Question 34

Pronation

Answer 34

Turns the palm side down. Lying face down.

Question 35

Inversion / eversion

Answer 35

Foot

Question 36

Protraction / retraction

Answer 36

Jaw

Question 37

Elevation / depression

Answer 37

?

Question 38

ESSAY!!!

Describe the causes and effects of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gouty arthritis.

Answer 38

Osteoarthritis: most common, degenerative joint disease.
Cause: deterioration of articular cartilage and formation of bone at joint surfaces.
“Wear and tear” or trauma in a joint.
Idiopathic.
Effects: articular cartilage no longer a shock absorber,majoring space narrows, synovial membrane thickens, ligaments calcify.
Rheumatoid arthritis: chronic autoimmune disorder
Cause: autoimmune disorder of unknown cause.
Effects: bones eventually fuse together, movement ceases, and permanent crippling occurs.
Gouty arthritis: metabolic disorder in which Uris acid builds crystals in joints.
Effect: crystals irritate joints causing swelling, pain, and damage. Drugs and dietary changes can limit outbreaks of this disorder.