Chapter 10, Aerial Apparatus Strategies And Tactics Flashcards
What is the main objective, in situations that require using aerial apparatus for rescue?
To reach as many victims or points of egress as possible, with a minimum number of aerial movements.
In a multi-story building, what occupants are in the greatest danger during a fire?
Occupants located on or immediately above the fire floor.
What is the order in which victims should be addressed, in a multi-story building on fire?
- most severely threatened by conditions
- largest number of groups of people
- remainder of people in hazard area
- people in exposed areas
What is the best position, for raising an aerial device to a victim?
Where the extended/rotated device (turntable) is perpendicular to the objective target.
How should you spot the aerial ladder device, if approach is from an angle?
Extend the ladder so that the beam on the building side of the ladder is above and over the object.
When maneuvering an aerial device to reach a victim trapped in an elevated position, how should the device be aimed?
Ladder should be aimed above the victim, then lower it to meet the victim (if raised below and raised up, a panicked victim may jump to it).
After the aerial device is in place, extension locks are set. What is the main purpose of extension locks?
They increase the overall strength of the device and greatly reduce the chance of failure.
When using an aerial ladder at a window, where should the tip be placed?
The first rung of the ladder should be placed even with the windowsill.
When positioning an aerial device for a rescue from a roof, where should aerial ladder be placed?
The tip of the ladder should be placed so that at least 6 feet extends above the edge of the roof.
When positioning an aerial platform for a rescue from a roof, where should the platform be placed?
The bottom of the platform is just above and over the edge of the roof.
When conducting rescue from an elevated position, how do you move victims down the ladder?
- at least one ff should be assigned to assist victims in ascending/descending
- if 2 ff assigned, one will help from inside building, one from tip of ladder
- ff should always lead the adult victim down the ladder
What methods can be used to move large or unconscious victims down an aerial ladder?
- knee-sit method (best for heavier, conscious person)
- rail slide
- over the shoulder
How is the platform device placed for rescue from an elevated position?
Top railing of platform positioned even with the window sill.
Can a stokes basket be used to rescue victims from an elevated position?
Yes, but only as a last resort.
What are the 2 methods of lowering a victim down a ladder with a stokes basket?
- fit basket between rails and slide down (if won’t fit between rails, lay across rails and slide down)
- use rope lowering system (always difficult)
What are the 2 most common emergencies for using an aerial device for a water rescue?
- vehicles driven into high water across roadways
- people trapped in trees in moving body of water
What is the most common below-grade aerial rescue operation?
Special Rescue (victims trapped in deep holes, or auto accidents over an embankment).
Which apparatus are more suited for below-grade rescue, aerial ladder or aerial platform?
Aerial platform.
What 3 ways can fire spread to exposures?
- radiated heat (heat moving in all directions in the form of energy waves)
- convection (heat travel through a heat circulating medium, most common is air)
- direct flame contact (also considered to be a form of convection)
What is radiation?
Transfer of heat from one body to another body at a lower temperature.
How can protection from convection fire spread be accomplished?
By applying large fog streams into the thermal column.
What conditions are fog streams ineffective?
- high winds
- high distance
- high heat
When putting ff on a roof, where should the platform be?
The bottom of the platform should be positioned even with or extended slightly over the roof’s edge.
Where should the aerial device be positioned, when putting ff on the roof for ventilation?
As close to the work area as possible (im case there is a need to quickly evacuate the roof).
If possible during ventilation operations, how many sides should the roof be laddered?
From 2 different sides, to permit an alternate escape route.
How can horizontal or cross ventilation be accomplished with an aerial device?
A ff on the tip of a ladder or in a platform can break upper story windows with a pike pole.
What is the final priority for aerial device operations?
The use of elevated master streams for fire attack.
What are the 3 categories of elevated water delivery systems?
- aerial ladders w/piped waterways (may be remote controlled)
- aerial ladders with detachable waterways
What are the hazards of having a ff on the tip of an aerial ladder w/detachable waterway,to manually operate the nozzle?
- ff exposed to heat
- ff can’t move aerial device (if he’s suddenly in danger)
- moving the device while it is charged and ff on the tip
What is the best application for a master stream fog stream?
- blitz attacks
- exposure protection
What is the best application for a solid stream master stream?
- most defensive attacks
- long range operations
- reaching fires deeply seated within a building
When are blitz attacks normally conducted?
When fire is on upper stories and while ff are preparing to enter building.
What is the best way to effect a blitz attack with an elevated master stream?
Try to deflect water off ceiling of fire room (water stream for blitz attack should only be flowed long enough to darken down the fire).
What are some applications for using an aerial as an exterior standpipe?
-parking garages
-building roofs
-overpasses
(can attach hose to nozzle of master stream, easier than dragging hose up several flights)
It is generally not practical to discharge foam from an elevated master stream. If used, what type of foam will be used?
non-aerated foam (AFFF or FFFP) (provides a faster knockdown, but less of an ability to form a thick blanket over fuel).
What methods of foam application are used, from an elevated master stream?
- roll down
- bank down
- rain down
When using the “rain down” method, what does “establishing a footprint” mean?
Direct a master foam stream at one point, allow foam to take affect there and work its way out.
