Chapter 10: Acquiring Information Systems Through Projects Flashcards
Software development (or application development).
When an organization builds software
Five basic ways to acquire a software application:
Buy it and use it as is.
Buy it and customize it. (Most Common)
Rent or lease it.
Build it yourself.
Outsource it.
Project management body of knowledge (PMBOK)
Provides project managers, sponsors, and team leaders with a large array of accepted project management techniques and practices
Elements of a project
1) Begin with a set of goals or objectives
- from these, a scope for the project is developed, and project managers are given resources such as people, money, and work space
2) projects usually have a start and end date
IT projects
Projects of all shapes and sizes that renew and adapt IT infrastructure
Include: installation of a new email application, a CRM system, or an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system
IT projects are rarely if ever exclusively about _______: They affect data, people, and processes.
technology
Information technology project management (ITPM)
The collection of techniques and methods that project managers use to plan, coordinate, and complete IT projects
Tools included in ITPM
- work breakdown structures;
- budgeting methods;
- graphical scheduling methods, such as PERT (Program Evaluation Review Technique) and Gantt charts;
- risk management techniques;
- communication planning; and high-tech team development
The guide to the PMBOK suggests that there are five process groups in any project:
(1) initiating,
(2) planning,
(3) executing,
(4) controlling and monitoring, and
(5) closing
Don’t think of these as sperate entities, but as overlapping steps in the process
Nine project knowledge areas:
(1) integration management,
(2) scope management,
(3) time management,
(4) cost management,
(5) quality management,
(6) human resources management,
(7) communications management,
(8) risk management, and
(9) procurement management. Inside each of these knowledge areas are techniques that project managers use to manage their projects.
Project management professionals (PMPs)
Individuals certified by the Product Management Institute as having product management skills
The IT department is generally responsible for providing IT services to an organization and they provide two services
The first is maintaining the current IT infrastructure,
Second is renewing and adapting the infrastructure to keep IT working effectively in the future.
IT Operations or IT Services
Service maintenance, protection, and management of IT infrastructure
The distinction between operations and projects
One, operational work and project work tend to attract two different types of IT professionals.
IT people who prefer to work in operations often want to specialize in particular technologies such as Networking specialists, operating systems specialists, database administrators, and hardware technicians
Production systems
The entire set of systems that support operations
Keywords in IT operations
Stability, predictability, accountability, reliability, and security
Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL)
Well-recognized collection of books providing a framework of best practice approaches to IT operations
ITIL provides a large set of management procedures that are designed to support businesses in achieving value from IT operations
IT project risk
Structural risk, volatility risk, and project process; performance, knowledge resources, organizational support, project management practices, and both process and product performance
Most important risks from IT projects
Recognize that the primary risks do not necessarily emerge from the technology
Systems development life cycle (SDLC)
Classic process used to develop information systems. These basic tasks of systems development are combined into the following phases: system definition, requirements analysis, component design, implementation, and system maintenance (fic or enhance)
Systems development
The process of creating and maintaining information systems. Sometimes called systems analysis and design
The number of phases in the SDLC varies by organization and author.
To keep it simple, we will look at a five-phase process:
System definition
Requirements analysis
Component design
Implementation
System maintenance
