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Science > Chapter 10: A World of Water > Flashcards

Chapter 10: A World of Water Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does mean that water is a closed system?

A

Water doesn’t leave or enter the system

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2
Q

What surfaces can water not go into?

Water surfaces can it?

A

Impermeable surfaces

Porous surfaces

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3
Q

Run- off

A

What happens when the when water hits an impermeable surface, or when there is a heavy rain fall and the ground doesn’t have time to soak it up.

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4
Q

Why would run-off travel far?

A

Because of streams and rivers.

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5
Q

What direction does water move

A

downhill

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6
Q

Where do rivers begin?

A

On mountains and steep slopes moving fast and down to create valleys

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7
Q

Where does water end up? Why?

A

In a lake or ocean because they are the lowest point of elevation.

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8
Q

How do fast moving rivers flow? How do slow moving rivers travel?

A

Fast moving rivers in a straight line, slow moving rivers make an S shape

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9
Q

How is stuff carried in a river?

A

A fast moving river picks stuff up while a slow moving river deposits it.

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10
Q

What is a flood plain?

A

Bordering a river or stream, a generally flat area of land that is naturally subject to flooding; made up largely of soil deposits from the flood.

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11
Q

Why are flood plains important?

A

They make fertile land for farming

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12
Q

Why are flood plains dangerous?

A

During flooding season they can destroy buildings and there inhabitants if they don’t clear out in time

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13
Q

Give 3 ways floods can be caused

A

Meltwater
Removing natural vegetation
Heavy rainfall
Change of streams

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14
Q

What is melt water?

A

Snow that melts

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15
Q

Give two ways people can increase floods

Give two ways people can decrease floods

A

Plant trees
>Sand bag
>Create places for the water to go ex. the red river flood way
>Leeve (pretty much the same thing as the above)

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16
Q

What provides a river with it’s water?

A

Drainage Basin

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17
Q

What is a basin formed in a crest hill or mountain called?

A

A drainage divide

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18
Q

How many drainage basins are there in north america? What are they called? What major body of water does their water drain into?

A

5
Pacific, Arctic, Hudson Bay, Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico
Pacific Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Hudson Bay, Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico

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19
Q

What is mean discharge? What is it measured in?

A

The average volume of water flowing from a river into an ocean. It is measured in m3/s

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20
Q

What bad stuff can get carried down stream?

A

Fertilizers, pesticides, vegetation/soil, waste chemicals, garbage

21
Q

What is precipitation?

A

Rain and Snow

22
Q

What happens to most precipitation?

A

It sink into the ground through pores and cracks

23
Q

When does water become ground water?

A

When it reaches impermeable rock.

24
Q

What is an aquifer?

A

An area of porous rock with a water system flowing through it

25
Q

What is the zone of saturation? What is the top of the zone of saturation called?

A

A layer of saturated porous rock. The top of it is called the watertable

26
Q

What impacts the water table?

A

Weather

27
Q

How is a well made?

A

By digging deep enough to find the watertable

28
Q

What is ground water that flows to the surface called? How a re springs formed

A

A spring, a spring is formed when land drops significantly

29
Q

How to hot water springs occur?

A

When the ground water comes in contact with molten material.

30
Q

Bog

A

Wet, spongy ground with soil composed mainly of decayed vegetable matter

31
Q

Marsh

A

A tract of low wetland, often treeless and periodically inundated, generally characterized by growth of grasses, sedges, cattails and rushes

32
Q

Swamp

A

A tract of wet spongy land often having growth of certain types of trees and other vegetation, but unfit for cultivation

33
Q

Fen

A

Lowland covered wholly or partially with water

34
Q

Slough

A

an area soft, muddy ground

35
Q

How do wetlands develop?

A

When lakes fill in from sediment brought to them by rivers and then deposited into the still waters. As sand and gravel settle the lake becomes shallower. Vegetation grows.

36
Q

Why can wetlands not be ‘used’ be people?

A

The water is not drinkable nore is it fit for cultivation.

37
Q

What have people normally done to wetlands? Why is this a bad idea?

A

Drained them or filled them in. This is bad because wetlands are home to many species and naturally filter pollutants out of the water.

38
Q

Why are towns and cities built by water?

A
  • drinking
  • transportation
  • food
  • fishing
  • recreation
  • agriculture
  • hydro-electricity
  • getting rid of treated water
39
Q

What happens to water than doesn’t run off or get absorbed?

A

It is evaporated

40
Q

What is the water cycle?

A

The never ending cycle of evaporation -> condensation -> precipitation

41
Q

How much of the suns energy is used in the process of evaporation?

A

One quarter of the suns energy that reaches earth

42
Q

Where does most evaporation occur and the most precipitation fall?

A

The ocean

43
Q

Where is most of the world’s fresh water found?

A

In glaciers and ice sheets

44
Q

How much liquid water is fresh?

A

0.5% of all the earths water, most of it is ground water

45
Q

Whats happens when water evaporates?

A

Salt and toxins are removed

46
Q

What is acid rain composed of?

A

sulphuric and nitric acids

47
Q

What forms of energy do not pollute?

A
  • natural has
  • solar power
  • wind power
48
Q

What percent of your body is water?

A

65%

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