Chapter 10

Question 1

Prophylaxis

Answer 1

use of a drug to prevent imminent infection of a person at risk

Question 2

antibiotics

Answer 2

substances produced by the natural metabolic processes of some microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy other microorganisms

Question 3

narrow spectrum

Answer 3

antimicrobials effective against a limited array of microbial types

Question 4

broad spectrum

Answer 4

antimicrobials effective against a wide variety of microbial types

Question 5

Affect the bacterial cell wall

Answer 5

block synthesis and repair

Question 6

Protein synthesis inhibitors

Answer 6

act on ribosomes . inhibit translation by reacting with the ribosome mRNA complex

Question 7

Inhibit Folic acid synthesis

Answer 7

block pathways and inhibit metabolism

Question 8

Affect nucleic acids

Answer 8

block synthesis of nucleotides, inhibit replication, stop transcription, inhibit DNA synthesis

Question 9

Disrupt Cell membrane function

Answer 9

causes loss of selectively permeable membrane

Question 10

problems associated with anti-fungals

Answer 10

fungal cells and human cells are very similar, anything that can harm a fungal cell is likely to harm a human cell

Question 11

4 groups of anti-fungals

Answer 11

1. macrolide polyene anitbiotics
2. Griseofulvin
3. Synthetic azoles
4. Flucytosine

Question 12

antiparasitic

Answer 12

antimalarial drugs are the main treatment for parasites

Question 13

metronidazole

Answer 13

one exception to treating protozoan infections with an antibiotic. it is an anaerobic antibiotic. which parasites live in aerobic places

Question 14

problems with anti-viral drugs

Answer 14

selective toxicity is almost impossible to achieve because a single metabolic system is responsible for the well being of both virus and host.

Question 15

3 major modes of action with anti-virals

Answer 15

1. barring penetration of the virus into the host cell
2. blocking the transcription and translation of viral molecules
3. preventing the maturation of viral particles

Question 16

what is interferon and what does it do?

Answer 16

interferon is produced in our own body. produced by recombinant DNA technologies. it reduces the time of healing, prevents or reduces the symptoms, slows the progress of certain cancers and treats a rare cancer. there are often serious side effects though

Question 17

4 mechanisms of antibiotic resistance

Answer 17

1. Drug inactivation
2. decreased permeability
3. activation of drug pumps
4. change in drug binding site

Question 18

beta lactamases

Answer 18

from bacteria, breaks the ring of drugs like penicillin so no action can happen.

Question 19

mec A

Answer 19

mec A is incorporated into the cell wall and has a low affinity to bind penicillin which leads to a penicillin resistance

Question 20

Superinfection

Answer 20

when beneficial species are destroyed microbes that were once kept in small numbers can begin to overgrow an cause disease.

Question 21

C. diff

Answer 21

in C. diff it kills all of our normal flora in our intestine and the pathogen overgrows.