Chapter 10

Question 1

Qualities of Animation

Answer 1

Symbolisation of objects and human beings

Picturing the invisible

Penetration

Selection exaggeration and transformation

Showing the past and predicting the future

Controlling time and speed

Question 2

Phenakistoscope

Answer 2

Two rotating discs which make an image move

Question 3

Kinematoscope

Answer 3

More sophisticated and employed a series of sequential photographs mounted on a wheel and rotated

Question 4

Praxinoscope

Answer 4

Strip of images mounted in a revolving drum and reflected in mirrors.

Question 5

Proto-animation

Answer 5

Demonstrated certain techniques as a method in creating animation.

Stop motion, mixed media, and use of dissolves to create the illusion of metamorphasis.

Mr. Fantastic fox uses proto animation in the form of stop motion.

Question 6

Animated Documentary

Answer 6

Fusion of documentary tropes and animation

Question 7

Incoherent Cinema

Answer 7

Animation that was often surreal, anarchistic and playful, relating seemingly unrelated forms and events in an often irrational and spontaneous fashion

Question 8

Character Animation

Answer 8

Prioritizes exaggerated and sometimes caricatured expressions of human traits in order to direct attention to the detail of gesture and range of human expression and emotion.

Question 9

Anthropomorphism

Answer 9

To endow creatures, objects, and environments with human attributes, abilities, and qualities.

Question 10

Realism

Answer 10

Hyper realism which located characters in plausibly real worlds in fantasy. Think Avatar

Question 11

Deconstruction

Answer 11

All texts are constructed, and deconstruction is necessary to understand all components.

Question 12

Synecdoche

Answer 12

The idea that part of a person may be used to represent the whole

Question 13

Iconic

Answer 13

Dominant signs that signify a particular person or object

Chaplin’s moustache

Question 14

Ideological

Answer 14

Seen as the dominant set of ideas and values which inform any one society or culture, but which are imbued in its social behavior and representative texts at a level that is not necessarily obvious

Question 15

Metamorphosis

Answer 15

Ability for a figure to relinquish its fixed properties and mutate into another model

Question 16

Condensation

Answer 16

Compression of a set of narrative or aesthetic agendas within a minimal structural framework.

Saying as much as possible with as little imagery as possible

Question 17

Squash and Stretch

Answer 17

Cartoon characters that are malleable and attached circles which can be compressed or stretched.

Used the squish and stretch to imitate movement.

Question 18

Reduced Animation

Answer 18

Form of minimalism constitutes reduced animation at the premise of “less is more”