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Bio 102 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Dominant

A

The trait expressed

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2
Q

Recessive

A

The trait not expressed

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3
Q

Genes

A

Information about traits that is transmitted from parent to offspring.

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4
Q

Heterozygous

A

One dominant and one recessive allele, Ee

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5
Q

Homozygous dominant

A

Two dominant alleles, EE

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6
Q

Homozygous recessive

A

Two recessive alleles, ee

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7
Q

Alleles

A

Alternate forms of a gene.

Example: unattached earlobe and attached earlobe

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8
Q

Phenotype

A

Refers to an individuals appearance

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9
Q

Genotype

A

Refers to an individuals alleles

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10
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

Not all alternative alleles are fully dominant or fully recessive in heterozygotes. Produce a heterozygous phenotype that is intermediate between those of the parents.

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11
Q

Ratios

A

1:2:1

True breeding dominant: not-true-breeding dominant: true breeding recessive

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12
Q

What technique can be used to determine the genetic inheritance of offspring when the parents have known genotypes?

A

Punnett square

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13
Q

Law of segregation

A

The two alleles of a trait separate during the formation of gametes, so that half of the gametes will carry one copy and half will carry the other copy.

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14
Q

Law of independent assortment

A
  • The inheritance of one trait does not influence the inheritance of the other trait.
  • Genes located on different chromosomes are inherited independently of one another.
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15
Q

Dihybrid cross

A

Examining the inheritance of two separate traits

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16
Q

Monohybrid cross

A

Examines the inheritance of one trait

17
Q

Sex-linked traits

A

A trait determined by a gene in the sex chromosome

18
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

In humans, the X and Y chromosomes, which are different in the two sexes and are involved in sex determination

19
Q

Autosomes

A

Any of the 22 pairs of human chromosomes that are similar in size and morphology in both males and females

20
Q

Testcross

A
  • A cross between and individual of unknown genotype and recessive homozygous.
  • Used to determine a dominant individual’s genotype.

Bio 102 (6 decks)

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