Chapter 10

Question 0

Any plant gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season

Answer 0

Crop

Question 1

The deliberate effort to modify a portion of earths surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain

Answer 1

Agriculture

Question 2

The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering

Answer 2

Agricultural revolution

Question 3

Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm

Answer 3

Commercial agriculture

Question 4

Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmers family

Answer 4

Subsistence agriculture

Question 5

A grass that yields grain for food

Answer 5

Cereal

Question 6

Seed of a cereal grass

Answer 6

Grain

Question 7

The amount of food that an individual consumes, measured in kilocalories

Answer 7

Dietary energy consumption

Question 8

Physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life

Answer 8

Food security

Question 9

A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals

Answer 9

Pastoral nomadism

Question 10

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures

Answer 10

Transhumance

Question 11

Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing

Answer 11

Pasture

Question 12

Another name for shifting cultivation so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris

Answer 12

Slash-and-burn agriculture

Question 13

A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period

Answer 13

Shifting cultivation

Question 14

A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning

Answer 14

Swidden

Question 15

A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land

Answer 15

Intensive subsistence agriculture

Question 16

Rice planted on a dry land in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth

Answer 16

Wet rice

Question 17

A flooded field for growing rice

Answer 17

Sawah (paddy)

Question 18

Harvesting twice a year from the same field

Answer 18

Double cropping

Question 19

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil

Answer 19

Crop rotation

Question 20

A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale

Answer 20

Plantation

Question 21

Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations

Answer 21

Agribusiness

Question 22

Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning “bartering” or “exchange of commodities”

Answer 22

Truck farming

Question 23

The area surrounding of a city from which milk supplied

Answer 23

Milkshed

Question 24

Wheat planted in the in the autumn and harvested in the early summer

Answer 24

Winter wheat

Question 25

Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in late summer

Answer 25

Spring wheat

Question 26

A machine that cuts cereal grain standing in a field

Answer 26

Reaper

Question 27

Machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field

Answer 27

Combine

Question 28

The growing of fruits vegetables and flowers

Answer 28

Horticulture

Question 29

A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area

Answer 29

Ranching

Question 30

Degration of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. Also known as semi arid land degradation.

Answer 30

Desertification

Question 31

Most productive farmland

Answer 31

Prime agricultural land

Question 32

Cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions

Answer 32

Aquaculture

Question 33

Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology especially new high-yield the seeds and fertilizers

Answer 33

Green revolution

Question 34

Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides

Answer 34

Sustainable agriculture

Question 35

Really important because it helped the generations today

Answer 35

Plant/animal domestication

Question 36

Low follow ratio and higher use of inputs such as capital and labor per unit land area

Answer 36

Intensive agriculture

Question 37

Uses small inputs of labor fertilizers and capital, relative to the land area being farmed

Answer 37

Extensive agriculture