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chapter 10 Flashcards

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0
Q

who came up with the geocentric theory?

A

Ptolemy

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1
Q

some new developments were..?

A

Microscope, telescope & printing press.

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2
Q

what did Kepler prove?

A

that the path that the planets take is elliptical, not circular.

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3
Q

Galileo Galilei was the first European to regularly use what tool?

A

A telescope.

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4
Q

What did Isaac Newton do?

A

Defined the 3 laws of motion including gravity.

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5
Q

What did William Harvey show?

A

That the heart, not the liver, was the beginning point of the circulation of blood.

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6
Q

What was Robert Boyle known as?

A

The father of chemistry, he also conducted chemistry experiments

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7
Q

Women in the scientific revolution were usually __ or __ blank of scientists.

A

wives or daughters.

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8
Q

Who was the most well known women in the scientific revolution?

A

Margaret Cavendish

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9
Q

New advances in what caused people to change the way they look at humankind?

A

Science

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10
Q

Who taught to doubt everything?

A

Descartes, he argues that only what reason told him was true would be accepted as true.

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11
Q

Who developed the scientific method?

A

Francis Bacon

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12
Q

What was the enlightenment?

A

The enlightenment was an 18th century philosophical movement of intellectuals. They tried to apply the scientific method to an understanding of all life

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13
Q

What were 2 important influences on the enlightenment?

A

Isaac Newton (laws of the universe) and John Locke (argument about being born with a blank slate.)

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14
Q

Intellectuals of the enlightenment?

A

Philosophe

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15
Q

Durning the enlightenment what was applied to everything including religion & politics?

A

Rational criticism

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16
Q

Was questioning the church encouraged?

A

Yes

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17
Q

What did Montesquieu believe in?

A

The separation of powers in the government

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18
Q

Who was Voltaire?

A

The greatest figure in the elightenment, strong critic of Christianity & he didn’t believe in prayer.

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19
Q

What did Diderot do?

A

Wrote the encyclopedia.

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20
Q

What did Adam Smith believe in?

A

Laissez-Faire (gov. should not be involved in the economy)

21
Q

What did Beccaria argue?

A

He argued against excessive punishment for criminals.

22
Q

What did Rousseau believe in?

A

That emotion was important for understanding humans.

23
Q

True or false. Enlightenment philosophers argued that women were not inferior- due to their ability to reason.

A

True.

24
Q

Who was Methodism founded by?

A

John Wesley

25
Q

True or False. After Louis 14th built his palace all other rulers wanted one also?

A

True

26
Q

What is Rococo?

A

A new artistic style.

27
Q

Did philosopher want enlightened rulers? And give an example of an enlightened ruler.

A

Yes, Joseph 2nd.

28
Q

Who’s territory did Catherine the Great expand?

A

Russia’s.

29
Q

Catherine favored many reforms but refused to act because she depended on the support of who?

A

Nobility

30
Q

Where was the 7 years war fought?

A

Europe, India & North America

31
Q

Who won the French & Indian war?

A

British

32
Q

We’re the Indians threatened by the French or British?

A

British.

33
Q

Who controlled Brazil?

A

Portugal.

34
Q

Who controlled the rest of Latin America?

A

Spain

35
Q

Was Latin America a mix of races?

A

Yes

36
Q

What would become a more lasting source of prosperity?

A

Farming.

37
Q

We’re the english colonies banded together?

A

No, thought of themselves very separated. Very independent & they developed legislatures.

38
Q

Im what year did fighting break out in Lexington & Concord? What was that known as?

A

1775 & “the shot heard around the world”

39
Q

Who was the head of the continental army?

A

Washington

40
Q

Who wrote the constitution?

A

Thomas Jefferson.

41
Q

British should have easily won the war (American Revolution) due to their what?

A

Superior military resources & stable gov.

42
Q

What was the biggest advantage of Americans in the American Revolution?

A

Motivation

43
Q

Who helped the Americans in the American Revolution?

A

French

44
Q

Where did Cornwallis surrender?

A

Yorktown

45
Q

What is the treaty of Paris (1783) ??

A

British finally recognize the U.S as independent.

46
Q

Each of the 13 new states was worried about what?

A

A powerful federal government.

47
Q

The articles of confederation established what?

A

A weak government, with many problems.

48
Q

Where was the constitutional convention held?

A

Philadelphia

49
Q

Separation of powers was divided into what three groups?

A

Executive, judicial & legislative

history (3 decks)

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