Chapter 10 Flashcards
Term
Definition
Motivation
The driving force that influences how we behave and is driven by our need to achieve our goals
Scientific management
The application of scientific principles to management of work and workers
Existence
The concern for basic material existence
Piece-rate system
A compensation system under which employees are paid a certain amount for each unit of output they produce
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
A motivation theory that sequences human needs in the order of their importance, from physiological needs to self-actualization needs
ERG theory
A theory of motivation developed by Clayton Alderfer that better supports empirical research when compared with Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory; three components of the model are existence, relatedness, and growth.
Relatedness
The concern for interpersonal relations
Growth
The concern for personal development
Theory Y
A concept of employee motivation generally consistent with the ideas of the human relations movement; assumes responsibility and work toward organizational goals, and by doing so, personal rewards are also achieved
Theory Z
A combination of North American and Japanese management practices that emphasizes teamwork and individual accountability to the team and organization
Theory X
A concept of employee motivation generally consistent with Taylor’s scientific management; assumes that employees dislike work and will function only in a highly controlled work environment
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
A motivation theory that suggests that satisfaction and dissatisfaction are separate and distinct dimensions
Maintenance factors
According to Two-Factor Theory, job factors such as job security, pay, and working conditions that reduce dissatisfaction when present to an acceptable degree, but do not necessarily result in high levels of satisfaction and motivation
Motivation factors
According to Two-Factor Theory, job factors such as recognition, responsibility, and opportunities for advancement that increase satisfaction and motivation, although their absence does not necessarily result in dissatisfaction
Equity theory
A motivation theory based on the premise that people are motivated to obtain and preserve equitable treatment for themselves
Reinforcement
A means of modifying behaviour based on the premise that rewarded behaviour is likely to be repeated, while punished behaviour is less likely to recur
Expectancy theory
A motivation theory based on the assumption that motivation depends on how much we want something and how likely we think we are to get it
Behaviour modification
A systematic program of reinforcement to encourage desirable behaviour
Goal-setting theory
Suggests that employees are motivated to achieve challenging, attainable, and specific goals that they and their managers establish together and receive feedback on
Management by objectives (MBO)
A motivation technique in which managers and employees collaborate in setting goals to improve the performance of the organization
Job sharing
An arrangement whereby two people share one full-time position
Hybrid working
A blend of working from home, on the go, or at the office
Flextime
A system in which employees set their own work hours within employer-determined limits
Telecommuting
Working at home all the time or for a portion of the work week
Job redesign
A form of job enrichment where employees are assigned entirely new tasks that fit their skill sets and the organization’s needs
Job enrichment
A method for motivating employees by providing them with increased variety, responsibility, and control over their jobs
Job enlargement
A form of job enrichment where an employee is given additional but similar tasks to complete
Employee ownership
A situation in which employees own the company they work for by virtue of being shareholders
Virtual teams
A type of team where members are geographically dispersed but communicate electronically
what is the issue of a piece rate paying system?
it helps fix productivity, but not the motivation to do the work.
what are the five needs on maslow’s hierarchy?
self actualization
esteem needs
social needs
safety needs
Physiological needs
what is the difference between positive and negitive reinforcement?
Positive reinforcement adds something you want. Negitive reinforcement takes away something UNPLEASANT (ex best employee doesn’t have to clean the toilets)
what is the difference between punishment and extintion?
punishment - adding something unpleasant
extinction is withholding a reward.
what are the four different types of reinforcement?
positive
negitive
punishment
extinction
what are the three types of job enrichment?
job enlargment, job redesign, and job rotation.
what are the three guidlines when providing job enrichment/empowerment?
Give it to those who want it
more responsibility more reward
Train employees for new jobs
What is the defining characteristic of Functional Teams?
Members belong to the same functional department
Examples include departments like marketing and production.
Who manages Functional Teams?
Managed and supervised by the manager of that functional area.
What is the structure of Cross-Functional Teams?
Members come from different functional departments (matrix structure).
Who leads Cross-Functional Teams?
Led by both their functional manager and a project/program manager.
What is a common use for Cross-Functional Teams?
Often used for projects and product development.
How long do Cross-Functional Teams typically last?
Typically temporary and also known as project teams.
What defines Self-Managed Teams?
Composed of employees with skills who manage themselves.
What is the role of managers in Self-Managed Teams?
Managers monitor but do not actively lead the team.
How is leadership structured in Self-Managed Teams?
Leadership is shared or rotated.
What is the responsibility of members in Self-Managed Teams?
Members are mutually responsible for meeting objectives.
What is another name for Self-Managed Teams?
Also known as self-directed teams.
What is a key feature of Virtual Teams?
Members are geographically dispersed and communicate electronically.
What types of teams can Virtual Teams be categorized as?
Can be functional, cross-functional, or self-managed depending on the members’ skills and authority.
What is the advantages of teamwork?
Creates synergys
fosters creativity and learning
satifies social needs
Supports accuracy
