Chapter 10

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

entire way of life for a group of people that is passed down from one generation to the next

Question 2

What are the three components of culture?

Answer 2

a system of meanings and values, a set of values, beliefs, and practices, and shared forms of communication

Question 3

Ethnocentrism

Answer 3

using one’s own culture as the standard by which to measure other cultures

Question 4

Cultural Relativism

Answer 4

trying to understand a culture on its own terms without judgment

Question 5

Values

Answer 5

beliefs about what is desirable or “good”

Question 6

Cultural Lens

Answer 6

the way we perceive things through our own culture because we are enveloped by our own culture

Question 7

Dominant/Mainstream Culture

Answer 7

the overarching culture that most people subscribe to

Question 8

Sub-Culture

Answer 8

a group of people who accept much of the dominant culture, but are set apart from it by one or more culturally significant characteristic

Question 9

Counter Culture

Answer 9

a group of people who are set apart from the dominant culture and their norms and values are incompatible with it

Question 10

Three Types of Cultural Change

Answer 10

technological, cultural diffusion, cultural imperialism

Question 11

Cultural Diffusion

Answer 11

spread of cultural elements from one culture to another

Question 12

Cultural Imperialism

Answer 12

imposition of one dominant culture on other cultures

Question 13

Ethnography

Answer 13

a research method based on lengthy and intimate observation of a group

Question 14

Habitus

Answer 14

idea from Bordieu that in the course of growing up and socializing with others, it becomes so routine we don’t even realize we are following habits

Question 15

Cultural Toolkit

Answer 15

a set of ideas and skills that we learn through the cultural environment we live in and apply to practical situations in our own lives

Question 16

Language

Answer 16

any comprehensive system of words or symbols representing concepts doesn’t have to be spoken

Question 17

Cultural Universal

Answer 17

a cultural trait common to all humans - Ex) language

Question 18

Mass Communication

Answer 18

communication within society as a whole through the mass media as opposed to between individuals

Question 19

Digital Divide

Answer 19

the social, economic, and cultural gap between those with access to information technology and those who don’t

Question 20

Digital Natives

Answer 20

people growing up with the internet

Question 21

Digital Immigrant

Answer 21

try to keep up with technology because they didn’t grow up with it

Question 22

Group Style

Answer 22

the set of norms and practices that distinguishes one group from another

Question 23

Norms

Answer 23

shared assumptions about correct behavior

Question 24

Hegemony

Answer 24

a process where powerful groups gain legitimacy and hold power based on establishing or reinforcing widely shared beliefs about what is right or wrong

Question 25

Culture Wars

Answer 25

disagreements about the proper role of family and religious values in society

Question 26

Multiculturalism

Answer 26

beliefs or policies promoting the equal accommodation of different ethnic or cultural groups within a society

Question 27

Melting Pot

Answer 27

the idea that although immigrants come from all sorts of diverse cultural backgrounds, they will eventually become assimilated into American society until they become genuinely “American”

Question 28

National Culture

Answer 28

a set of shared cultural practices and beliefs within a given nation-state

Question 29

Nationalism

Answer 29

the fact that people think of themselves as inherently members of a nation and often take pride in that identity, a relatively recent phenomenon

Question 30

Ethnonationalism

Answer 30

believe that only a limited number of people can rightfully gain membership in a country

Question 31

Populism

Answer 31

ordinary people are respected whereas elite people are vilified

Question 32

Cultural Capital

Answer 32

our education, tastes, and cultural knowledge and our ability to display sophistication in our speech, manners, and other everyday acts

Question 33

How do people predict our status

Answer 33

cultural capital

Question 34

Cultural Omnivores

Answer 34

People who demonstrate their high status through a broad range of cultural consumption, including low-status culture - mostly how America operates

Question 35

Class Reproduction

Answer 35

the process that causes class boundaries and distinctions to be maintained over time

Question 36

Concerted Cultivation

Answer 36

fostering a kid’s talents and intervening on their behalf, instilling a sense of entitlement, kids are more likely to be successful- middle class parents (Lareau)

Question 37

Accomplishment of Natural Growth

Answer 37

caring for kids but leaving them on their own in many social settings - working class parents (Lardeau)

Question 38

Public Sphere

Answer 38

a social space where private citizens can come together as a public body to discuss and express opinions about matters of general interest (Habermas)

Question 39

Counterpublics

Answer 39

alternative public spheres through which people produce and circulate their own values, beliefs, and ideas

Question 40

Networked Public

Answer 40

online public sphere

Question 41

Culture Industry

Answer 41

the production of material things in mainstream culture (Adorro)

Question 42

Journalism

Answer 42

the production and distribution of information of general public interest - a form of cultural communication

Question 43

Agenda-Setting Power

Answer 43

the ability of media executives to choose what is important enough to be considered “news”, can change the course of political events