Chapter 10 Flashcards
What is Manifest Destiny?
“obvious fate” (divine right) to settle land all the way to the Pacific Ocean in order to spread democracy
How long is the Oregon trail
2000 mi
Where does the Oregon trail start and end?
Independence Missouri (or Council Bluffs Iowa) to Oregon County
How much did it cost for a family of four to travel the Oregon Trail?
$600
Who helped the pioneers on the Oregon Trail in the early days?
Native Americans
What shortages were on the Oregon Trail?
water, food, & supplies
How long did it take to travel the Oregon Trail?
6 months
What was the name of the trail that started from Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico
Santa Fe Trail
What did the Santa Fe Trail follow?
ancient trade route
What did the Santa Fe Trail cross?
hot blazing deserts and rough mountains
How profitable was the Santa Fe Trail?
Very profitable (one reported 2000% profit)
What were the Mormons persecuted for?
polygamy
What did the Mormons want?
religious freedom
Where did the Mormons head from to the West?
New York
Who was the leader of the Mormons in 1830?
Joseph Smith
What church did Joseph Smith find (founded)?
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
Who led Mormons in small groups to Utah for religious freedom?
Brigham Young
Where did the Mormon Trail lead to?
Utah
Who tried to take a shortcut across the mountains and got stuck in winter storms?
The Donner Party
Who (another word for agents) did Mexico hire to bring settlers to Texas?
Empresarios
Who was an empresario that started a colony in 1822?
Stephen Austin
Where did Stephen Austin start his colony?
Colorado River
What were the 1st 300 families called who settled in Austin’s colony?
Old Three Hundred
What did the settlers have to do to get free land in Texas?
Obey Mexican Laws
What year did Texas ban further settlement?
1830
Who was the Mexican leader at the time?
General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
When did Texas revolt against Mexico?
1835
When did Texas declare independence from Mexico?
March 2, 1836
Texas set up a constitution like the ___ but only legalized ________.
US, slavery
William Travis led the rebellion and stand at the __________.
Alamo
Who joined William Travis’ rebellion?
Davey Crockett & Jim Bowie +200 rebels
Who led the troops to put down the rebellion at the Alamo?
Santa Anna
Santa Anna chased the rebels to the ___ ___________ River.
San Jacinto
On April 21, 1836, _______ led a surprise attack.
Houston
Santa Anna was captured and forced to sign a treaty giving Texas its _____________ after the Battle of _____________
independence, San Jacinto
Who was pres. and secretary of state of Texas?
Sam Houston, Stephen Austin
What nation wanted to annex Texas?
US Congress
Why did Andrew Jackson not want to annex Texas?
- thought it would upset the balance of slave & free states
- didn’t want to go to war with Mexico over Texas
Who won the election of 1844 and which 2 states did he want to annex?
James K Polk, Oregon & Texas
What was the line where America wanted their territory to extend?
Fifty-four Forty
When did America & Great Britain sign a treaty regarding borders?
1846
When did Texas become a part of US?
December 1845
What did Mexico do when Texas was annexed by the US?
They ordered all American settlers to leave CA
What territory did Mexico control at that time?
present-day Arizona, Nevada & California
Mexico thought the border was at _________, while US thought the border was at _________.
Nueces River, Rio Grande River
Polk offered $_________ to buy _________ and California
30 million, New Mexico
Bear Flag Revolt:
1. 1846: _______ Americans lived in California
2. Group of Americans seized _____ & declared ________ independence
3. Flag with a ______
4. ________’s army arrived and took over San _____, LA, & San_____
500, Sonoma, California, bear, Kearney, Diego, Francisco
When was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
1848
What did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo do? How much did the US increase in size?
Officially ended the war and forced Mexico to turn over California, Nevada, Utah, and most of Arizona
US increased by 25%
How much did Mexico get from the US & its claims? What could Mexican citizens keep?
$15 million and $3 in US claims canceled. Mexican Americans could keep their liberty & property.
Mexican legal ideas
community water rights & community property
How was the water rights issue solved? Who’s policy solved it?
Brigham Young’s policy of “the good of the community should outweigh the interests of the individual”
When was gold found in CA? Who found it? Where did they find it?
1848, John Marshall at John Sutter’s Mill
What and when was the “gold fever”?
The gold fever was where 80,000 gold seekers who migrated to CA to find gold in 1849.
Prospect: _____
Stake a Claim: _____
to search for gold, 1st person to arrive at a site would claim the area and search for gold
How much did San Francisco grow as a result of the Gold Rush? CA had such a population boom that it was able to apply for statehood in how many years?
25x, 2 years
When did California become a state of the US? CA became the __st state of America.
1850, 31
Who made the “real” money during the Gold Rush?
The people who supplied the miners with supplies.
Ex. Women operating boarding houses
How much % of the US population was Protestant?
91%
What were Chinese immigrants known as?
“gam saan Haak” which means travelers to Gold mountain
How many Chinese men came to America?
24,000
What prejudices did Chinese immigrants face?
- high monthly taxes
- targets for violence
- legal courts favored Americans over them
