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Hart History > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Manifest Destiny?

A

“obvious fate” (divine right) to settle land all the way to the Pacific Ocean in order to spread democracy

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1
Q

How long is the Oregon trail

A

2000 mi

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2
Q

Where does the Oregon trail start and end?

A

Independence Missouri (or Council Bluffs Iowa) to Oregon County

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3
Q

How much did it cost for a family of four to travel the Oregon Trail?

A

$600

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4
Q

Who helped the pioneers on the Oregon Trail in the early days?

A

Native Americans

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5
Q

What shortages were on the Oregon Trail?

A

water, food, & supplies

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6
Q

How long did it take to travel the Oregon Trail?

A

6 months

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7
Q

What was the name of the trail that started from Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico

A

Santa Fe Trail

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8
Q

What did the Santa Fe Trail follow?

A

ancient trade route

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9
Q

What did the Santa Fe Trail cross?

A

hot blazing deserts and rough mountains

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10
Q

How profitable was the Santa Fe Trail?

A

Very profitable (one reported 2000% profit)

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11
Q

What were the Mormons persecuted for?

A

polygamy

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12
Q

What did the Mormons want?

A

religious freedom

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13
Q

Where did the Mormons head from to the West?

A

New York

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14
Q

Who was the leader of the Mormons in 1830?

A

Joseph Smith

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15
Q

What church did Joseph Smith find (founded)?

A

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

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16
Q

Who led Mormons in small groups to Utah for religious freedom?

A

Brigham Young

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17
Q

Where did the Mormon Trail lead to?

A

Utah

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18
Q

Who tried to take a shortcut across the mountains and got stuck in winter storms?

A

The Donner Party

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19
Q

Who (another word for agents) did Mexico hire to bring settlers to Texas?

A

Empresarios

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20
Q

Who was an empresario that started a colony in 1822?

A

Stephen Austin

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21
Q

Where did Stephen Austin start his colony?

A

Colorado River

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22
Q

What were the 1st 300 families called who settled in Austin’s colony?

A

Old Three Hundred

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23
Q

What did the settlers have to do to get free land in Texas?

A

Obey Mexican Laws

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24
Q

What year did Texas ban further settlement?

A

1830

25
Q

Who was the Mexican leader at the time?

A

General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

26
Q

When did Texas revolt against Mexico?

A

1835

27
Q

When did Texas declare independence from Mexico?

A

March 2, 1836

28
Q

Texas set up a constitution like the ___ but only legalized ________.

A

US, slavery

29
Q

William Travis led the rebellion and stand at the __________.

A

Alamo

30
Q

Who joined William Travis’ rebellion?

A

Davey Crockett & Jim Bowie +200 rebels

31
Q

Who led the troops to put down the rebellion at the Alamo?

A

Santa Anna

32
Q

Santa Anna chased the rebels to the ___ ___________ River.

A

San Jacinto

33
Q

On April 21, 1836, _______ led a surprise attack.

A

Houston

34
Q

Santa Anna was captured and forced to sign a treaty giving Texas its _____________ after the Battle of _____________

A

independence, San Jacinto

35
Q

Who was pres. and secretary of state of Texas?

A

Sam Houston, Stephen Austin

36
Q

What nation wanted to annex Texas?

A

US Congress

37
Q

Why did Andrew Jackson not want to annex Texas?

A
  1. thought it would upset the balance of slave & free states
  2. didn’t want to go to war with Mexico over Texas
38
Q

Who won the election of 1844 and which 2 states did he want to annex?

A

James K Polk, Oregon & Texas

39
Q

What was the line where America wanted their territory to extend?

A

Fifty-four Forty

40
Q

When did America & Great Britain sign a treaty regarding borders?

A

1846

41
Q

When did Texas become a part of US?

A

December 1845

42
Q

What did Mexico do when Texas was annexed by the US?

A

They ordered all American settlers to leave CA

43
Q

What territory did Mexico control at that time?

A

present-day Arizona, Nevada & California

44
Q

Mexico thought the border was at _________, while US thought the border was at _________.

A

Nueces River, Rio Grande River

45
Q

Polk offered $_________ to buy _________ and California

A

30 million, New Mexico

46
Q

Bear Flag Revolt:
1. 1846: _______ Americans lived in California
2. Group of Americans seized _____ & declared ________ independence
3. Flag with a ______
4. ________’s army arrived and took over San _____, LA, & San_____

A

500, Sonoma, California, bear, Kearney, Diego, Francisco

47
Q

When was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?

A

1848

48
Q

What did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo do? How much did the US increase in size?

A

Officially ended the war and forced Mexico to turn over California, Nevada, Utah, and most of Arizona

US increased by 25%

49
Q

How much did Mexico get from the US & its claims? What could Mexican citizens keep?

A

$15 million and $3 in US claims canceled. Mexican Americans could keep their liberty & property.

50
Q

Mexican legal ideas

A

community water rights & community property

51
Q

How was the water rights issue solved? Who’s policy solved it?

A

Brigham Young’s policy of “the good of the community should outweigh the interests of the individual”

52
Q

When was gold found in CA? Who found it? Where did they find it?

A

1848, John Marshall at John Sutter’s Mill

53
Q

What and when was the “gold fever”?

A

The gold fever was where 80,000 gold seekers who migrated to CA to find gold in 1849.

54
Q

Prospect: _____
Stake a Claim: _____

A

to search for gold, 1st person to arrive at a site would claim the area and search for gold

55
Q

How much did San Francisco grow as a result of the Gold Rush? CA had such a population boom that it was able to apply for statehood in how many years?

A

25x, 2 years

56
Q

When did California become a state of the US? CA became the __st state of America.

A

1850, 31

57
Q

Who made the “real” money during the Gold Rush?

A

The people who supplied the miners with supplies.
Ex. Women operating boarding houses

58
Q

How much % of the US population was Protestant?

A

91%

59
Q

What were Chinese immigrants known as?

A

“gam saan Haak” which means travelers to Gold mountain

60
Q

How many Chinese men came to America?

A

24,000

61
Q

What prejudices did Chinese immigrants face?

A
  1. high monthly taxes
  2. targets for violence
  3. legal courts favored Americans over them

Hart History (3 decks)

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