Chapter 10

Question 1

Communication

Answer 1

The process by which information and meaning is transferred from a sender to a receiver.

Question 2

The communication process

Answer 2

Sender translates (encodes) an idea into a verbal, written, or nonverbal message > encoded message is transmitted to a receiver who needs to interpret or decode the message to form an understanding of the information it contains.

(Information) Sender –> Encoding –> Message –> Decoding –> Receiver (Understanding)

Question 3

Face-to-face communication

Answer 3

The exchange of information and meaning that occurs when two or more individuals are physically present, and where communication occurs without the aid of any mediating technology.
- Include verbal and nonverbal qualities

Question 4

Verbal Communication

Answer 4

A form of communication in which messages are sent and received using written and spoken language.

Question 5

Nonverbal Communication

Answer 5

Any form of information exchange that doesn’t involve spoken or written words.
- Body language: inflection, tone, and volume of voice; hand gestures and facial expressions, body posture and stance; eye contact and movements.

Question 6

Primary functions of nonverbal cues

Answer 6

1. Tell others who we are in terms of our personalities, values, intentions, and attitudes.
2. Communicate dominance and establish hierarchy within a social group.
3. Facilitate working together.
4. Foster high-quality relationships.
5. Display emotional states.

Question 7

Computer-Mediated communication

Answer 7

The exchange of information and meaning using an electronic, digital medium.
- Email, videoconferencing, Wikis, and social network applications.

Question 8

Communicator competence

Answer 8

The ability of communicators to encode and interpret messages.

Question 9

Noise

Answer 9

Disturbing or distracting stimuli that block or interfere with the transmission of a message.

Question 10

Information richness

Answer 10

The amount and depth of the information transmitted in a message.

Question 11

Gender differences

Answer 11

The different ways men and women tend to process and interpret information and communicate with others.

Question 12

Privacy

Answer 12

A state in which individuals can express themselves freely without being observed, record, or disturbed by other, unauthorized, individuals or groups.

Question 13

Downward communication

Answer 13

Communication that flows from the top to the bottom of the vertical channel.

Question 14

Upward communication

Answer 14

Communication that flows from the bottom to the top of the vertical channel.

Question 15

Circle network structure

Answer 15

A communication network in which members send and receive messages from individuals who are immediately adjacent to them.
- Members cannot check or verify the content of messages with non-adjacent members.
- Like a game of telephone

Question 16

Chain network structure

Answer 16

A communication network in which information is passed from member to member, from one end of the chain to the other.
- Typical for hierarchical organizational structures.
- Relies on each intervening member to faithfully pass along the message.

Question 17

All-channel network structure

Answer 17

A communication network in which any member can send and receive messages from any other.
- Information is shared equally and allows members to verify accuracy of messages.

Question 18

Y network structure

Answer 18

A communication network in which one member controls the flow of information between one set of members and another.

Question 19

Wheel network structure

Answer 19

A communication network in which all communication between members is controlled by a single member.

Question 20

Informal communication networks

Answer 20

Spontaneous and emergent patterns of communication that result from the choices individuals make on their own.

Question 21

Grapevine

Answer 21

The primary informal communication network with an organization, used by people to circulate information about their work or other people.
- Accuracy of info is roughly 75%

Question 22

Rumours vs. Gossip

Answer 22

• Rumours - Messages that travel along the grapevine that lack evidence as to their truth or validity.
• Gossip - Rumours about other people.

Question 23

Supervisor feedback

Answer 23

A form of downward communication in which the supervisor provides information to a subordinate about their job performance.

Question 24

Relationship between supervisor feedback and job performance and organizational commitment

Answer 24

Supervisor feed has a weak positive effect on job performance.

Supervisor feedback has a strong positive effect on organizational feedback.