chapter 10 Flashcards
energ itnake
energy we get by eating food and to survve and thrive
energy
ablitiy to do wrok
energy expenditue
fuel for basal meabloci , physical activity food processing
energy balance
expenditure = intakae
energy intake sources
energy intake sources are 3 energy yieling nutirens carb lipid protein , cellular respiration brek bonds and atp found , alchol provides eenrgy but not nutirent
energy expenditure
basal maetbalic rate , basic energy life sustainign functin over time , breathing , heatbeat ,60-70 % energy we burn
fast metabloism
they burn calories to sustain bdy even beore physicla actiity
low metablism
expnd fewer calories on life sustaining pocess , ahrder time achieving energy balance need to consume fewer calorie or burn more to achieve balance
bmr factors
lean body mass msot important . geneics , age , height . gender ,
diet induced thermogenesis
danmic effect , thermic effect it accounts for 10 %energ ependiture , more energy is needed to process protein , les for lipids , fat lower thermic effect
physical activity
element energy expenditure is nde rcontrol is physicala ctivty , voluntary movemnts expenditure of calories ,
energy balance
hnumber calories from carb lipid protein matches the energy we exmed from bmr diet induced and physcial activity
increase body weight
increase in adipocytes cells
energy storage
whiel most of energy is stored as carbs and glycogen , most i stored as fat aadipocytes cell , adipocytes empty looking they contain , triglycrides and fatty aacids
energy retrivial
energy deficit when consume less energy tha our bodies need to perform functions to meet requirments ,
what happens in energy deficit
glycogen wil turn into glucose and body proteins will beused fo r aminaocids metbalozied from atp . most energyr etrival omes from afipocytes , if constanly calori eficit adipocytes become smaller and smaller and lose ft and wright loss , prtiens also lean body amss
weight gain
lean mss increase muscle mass , fat mass imcrease glycogen storage water fluctate increase more cell more voloume for warer , larger people maye ore likely to see shits water wights form day to dya
weight loss
lsoe lean mass , muslce mass decrease , energy decrease with age , water losses , fad dies promtoe water loss , gained back quicky , loss eergy stored as fat , for every 10 kg body fat 1.6 kg water and 8.4 carbon dixoide from lungs through energy or heat
obesity
hormone leptin , ecreate by adipocytes comunicaies with brain m promote fullness and energy expeniture promote energy balance , adipokines messenger m communitace tissues maintain hoemstasis
below certian levela fat mass adipokiones
poduc ehelath promoting effect dcrease inflmaitiom
obesity chronic diesase
excess fats tored in body , long term , sytematic approach , body structure affct and fnctiom , sick fat diseas and fat mass disease
sick aft disease
lwo grade infalmtion
fat amss disease
weight places on boddy , qualiy life neagtive effect
geentics and body size
good chance resmebl gentics , poleygentic
complex cause of oebsity
social psycology , physiology , inidviudal psycology , indiviudal phsyial activity , food onsomption , foodproduction , physoal anevuronmn
food consumptiom
appetite drive to consume food unflunced by hunger phsyilogical drive to consume foods , saiety fullness hypotalamus to appetite centre , recive message frombody energy balance , limbi cnetre ,obesity have mroe change to appetite genes
food production
environemtn affect , processfood , nutirent poor food memory emtoion , abundanc enad food chepa food obesogenic environment
indivudiual psycology
menatl helthy energy state , depression , emotial brain communicatin with appetie cnetre
social pysoclogy
work , time , lack of time , rush ,
physical activity
hwo we move our body work , leisure time exercise
envirmt physcil activiyt
tarsnity weather governetn
physiology
microbiome nad neergy ablance diffrent bmr genetics m hormonal activity
microbiome an energy balance
ovesity higher absoibrtio bacteria firmicutes , harvet energy indigestibe carbs metbalozie shor fafty acids
gut brain axis
affect apeptie , comuncation system
key appetite hromones
leptinghrelin , gl1
leptin
r, leptin n is secreted by our fat cells to alert the brain of their energy status, promtoe staiety , smaller adipocytes les sleptin ,
ghrelin
stomacj , prmtoing appetite , sleep goodnight , good sleep promote caori deficity, hunger sinal
glp 1
intesitinal cell srepsonse to food intake promote aatiety , ligaliude increase glp 1 lower appetite
body composition
fat mass / lean body mass
weight and eprfcet fat
percent body fat ot mroe standard
viscerla and subcatonus fat
sub located below skin ,vsiecor around abdoim internal organs
measing body comp
dexa , dual ray absepromty , boen density , body compp, water air displacment , body percentagefat density voloume , skinfold caliper , bimo ,overestimation percentage fat , bmi ,populatiosm wasit curcimfrence , 88 women 102 men
weight managment
best weight , whatever weight they
achieve while living the healthiest lifestyle they can truly enjoy. There comes a point when a person cannot simply eat
less or exercise more and sƟ ll like their lif
weight loss
keto idet promot caori decit , low carb diet promtoe calori deficit
national weight ocntrol registsry
modified food intak emonitro calories , low fa , fibres more ,veggies protein , phsycial activity icnrease calori deficity 500-1000kcal per day att loss over time
portion control ,
portion six doubles , 35 % aveergae . 10 percent decrease portion 10 decrease in claorie consumptiomm ,
hunegr control
more protien and fibre foods , slow eating ,
willpower
oevide signals ith thinking abilities , skipllpower m meal prep cloth prep ,
self efficiay
ablitiy beleie fot do certian task ,
emotiona l eating
regualte emotions , crye speak jouranl
fad diets
ex[enssve gain weight easilu , nutrient poor , cycle nvr ending detox ,
medical weight maagemnt
orlisat , liragltide , nalr=trexone
orlistat
blocks activity lipid digestin enezyme small inestine m lipids cant be digest into fatty acidds promtoees withh lsos fat basprbion blocked , fat sooubl evitamins nto absorvbed unabsorbed fat pomtoe oily sols fecal amd gastronteinal issues
liraglutide
acitivy signaling molecule glp1 m small inteins relase glp1 , huptlamus promtoes satiet reduce food itnake
naltrexone
reduce food craving , brain drived food seeking , expensive
bariatric surgery
smalle stomack size , receive less fod , decrease energy itske , 50 to 70 % highes wieght 50 % reduction , dibetes type 2 cv
weight gain
bm rgenetic cant gain weight , oil nuts , avocado , mroe caories thna thye burn ,
binge eatitng
loss control , eating severyly cant sto overconsuiming feeling uitl o shame, 2.8 %women 1% men , promtoe obesity ,
builiia nervosa , comepnsation electrolytes lost vomiting ,
aenroxia
shape bpdy soze wpem 1.4 % lower body weight enamia , amenhorea , self worth
ngih eaitng syndrome
25 %calroies binged after dinner wake up mmiddle night to ea , lack appetite in mronign and insomnia , obesity risk
orthrexia nervosa
check nutrient fact boxes no helathy food , c;eam detox ,nmicronutirent deffecitny social pressure
treatment for eating disorders ,
cbt cognetive behavoural therpahy
