Chapter 10

Question 1

Binary Code

Answer 1

information transformed into a series of digits 1 and 0 for storage and manipulation in computers

Question 2

Protocols

Answer 2

common communication rules and languages for computers linked to the Internet

Question 3

Hosts

Answer 3

computers linking individual personal computer users to the internet

Question 4

Mainframe Computer

Answer 4

a large central computer to which users are connected by terminals

Question 5

Minicomputer

Answer 5

a relatively large central computer to which users are connected by terminals; not as large as mainframe computer

Question 6

Terminals

Answer 6

user workstations that are connected to larger centralized computers

Question 7

Global Village

Answer 7

a mcLuhan concept; new communication technologies permit people to become increasingly involved in on another’s lives

Question 8

Flash Mobs

Answer 8

(sometimes smart mobs) large, geographically dispersed groups connected only by communications technology, quickly drawn together to perform collective action

Question 9

Dataveillance

Answer 9

the massive electronic collection and distillation of consumer data

Question 10

Opt-in/Opt-out

Answer 10

consumers giving permission to companies to sell personal data, or consumers requesting that companies do not sell personal data

Question 11

Network Neutrality

Answer 11

granting equal carriage over phone and cable lines to all websites

Question 12

Digital Divide

Answer 12

the lack of technological access among people of color, people who are poor or disabled, and those in rural communities

Question 13

Information Gap

Answer 13

the widening disparity in amounts and types of information available to information haves and have-nots

Question 14

Knowledge Gap

Answer 14

growing differences in knowledge, civic activity, and literacy between better-informed and less-informed Americans

Question 15

Metering

Answer 15

Internet use charged “by the byte”; heavier users pay more, more-modest users pay less