Chapter 10 Flashcards
what is an autotroph?
organism that produces organic molecules using CO2 as carbon source
why do autotrophs produce their own food?
to sustain themselves without eating other organisms
what are photoautotrophs?
organisms that use photosynthesis as a process to produce their own food
ex: plants, algae, cyanobacteria
what does CO₂ contribute to photosynthesis?
carbon molecules for the glucose
is photosynthesis endergonic or exergonic
endergonic
is photosynthesis catabolic or anabolic?
anabolic
what is being reduced in photosynthesis?
CO₂ is reduced into glucose
what is being oxidized in photosynthesis?
H₂O is being oxidized into O₂
what two metabolic stages occurs in photosynthesis?
- light harvesting rxns
- calvin cycle
which plant cells perform photosynthesis?
palisade and spongy cells
what occurs in the chloroplast’s thylakoid membrane?
the photosynthetic ETC/ light harvesting reactions
what occurs in the chloroplast’s stroma?
the Calvin-light-independent cycle
what are photosystems?
protein-pigment complexes that absorb light/photons in order to drive the transfer of electrons
describe the flow of electrons in the photosystems
H₂O → NADP+ → NADPH
how much of the sugars made by photosynthesis are consumed as fuel for cellular respiration in plant cells?
about half of the sugars, rest are used for structure, energy storage, other organic compounds
why do plants need mitochondria for ATP production if ATP is already made in the light-harvesting reactions?
plants still need to undergo cellular respiration at night (no light, cannot produce ATP via light-harvesting rxns)
what are the products in the light-harvesting reactions?
O₂ , ATP, NADPH
Summarize what occurs in the light-harvesting reactions
light/photons are absorbed by electrons from water, transferred through photosystems, reducing NADP+ to NADPH
ATP synthesized by ETC
Summarize what occurs in the Calvin Cycle
ATP and NADPH from light-harvesting rxns convert CO₂ into sugars
what happens to excess carbs produced from photosynthesis?
converted to starch and stored temporarily in chloroplasts
what is light?
type of electromagnetic energy with wave-like properties
what is wavelength?
distance between crests of waves?
what is frequency?
of waves in a certain distance?
Describe the relationship between amount of energy and wavelength of the light
The amount of energy is INVERSELY related to the wavelength of light
(e.g. longer wavelength → lower energy)
(shorter wavelength → higher energy)
what absorbs light that drives the light-harvesting reactions?
photosynthetic pigments (pigments that absorb light/take part in photosynthesis)