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BIOL1115 LECTURE > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are five characteristics of all living organisms?

A

made up of cells, reproduce, product of evolution and continue to evolve, contain hereditary information, acquire and use energy

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2
Q

what is the scientific method?

A

deliberate way of asking and answering questions about natural world

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3
Q

what is a theory?

A

proposed explanation for broad patterns in nature heavily supported by extensive evidence

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4
Q

step-by-step of scientific method

A

observations - question - hypothesis - prediction - experiments - conclusion

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5
Q

what is a hypothesis?

A

tentative explanation that makes predictions

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6
Q

why can we not be 100% sure of hypothesis?

A

cannot be proven because we can only take a sample of all the specimen in the world

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7
Q

what are controlled experiments?

A

setup and conditions are kept constant as possible

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8
Q

what is a control group?

A

group with expected response, used for comparison

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9
Q

what is experimental/test group?

A

group where an independent variable is changed

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10
Q

what are three theories that unify biology

A

cell theory, gene theory, evolution

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11
Q

what is cell theory?

A

every living organism is made up of cells, cells have dff structures and functions, every cell comes from a pre-existing cell, cells are most smallest basic unit of life

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12
Q

what characteristics do all cells share?

A

cytoplasm, cell membrane, all cells have ability to harness energy from enviro., ribosomes, all cells can store and transmit info for growth, function, repro

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13
Q

what is gene theory?

A

nucleic acids store and transmit info needed for growth, function, reproduction and info can be replicated and passed down from cell to cell or from one organism to its offspring

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14
Q

what is evolution?

A

the change in a population over a long period of time

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15
Q

what accounts for the remarkable degree of diversity and unity in all living organisms?

A

evolution

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16
Q

what is unity?

A

organisms share traits inherited from a common ancestor

17
Q

what is diversity?

A

organisms differ in traits from natural selection and other mechanisms that lead to change

18
Q

what is descent with modification?

A

all living organisms share one common ancestor, living species are descendants of ancestral species that are different from present-day ones

19
Q

natural selection is mechanism of evolution by which three ideas?

A

variation, genetic variability, and differential reproductive success

20
Q

what is variation?

A

every organism differs in genes/traits from other members of its species

21
Q

what is genetic variability?

A

variations in genes and traits are heritable and passed down

22
Q

what is differential reproductive success?

A

some organisms produce more offspring than others due to higher fitness

23
Q

what leads to differential reproductive success?

A

selective pressures such as predators and environment

24
Q

what is fitness?

A

ability for organism to survive and reproduce

25
Q

describe process of natural selection

A

population with varied inherited traits - elimination of individuals with certain traits - survivors reproduce - increased frequency of traits

26
Q

what is overproduction?

A

every species tends to produce more individuals than can survive to maturity

27
Q

what is variation?

A

some individuals in a population have differing characteristics

28
Q

what is selection?

A

some individuals survive longer and reproduce more than others do

29
Q

what is adaptation?

A

traits that increase fitness or ability of surviving and reproducting individuals will become more common in a population

30
Q

what is artificial selection?

A

species modified by humans through selection and breeding individuals with desired traits

31
Q

what is a phylogenetic tree?

A

visual representation used to represent relationship between species through shared ancestors and divergent descendants

32
Q

why are more closely related species more likely to resemble each other than distantly related species?

A

common ancestor is more recent between closely related species

33
Q

what is speciation?

A

natural selection that causes species to diverge and form new species

34
Q

what is BECPO OOTCOMA

A

biosphere - ecosystem - community - population - organism

organ system - organ - tissue - cell - organelle - molecule - atom

BIOL1115 LECTURE (11 decks)

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