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Oral Communication > Chapter 10-14 > Flashcards

Chapter 10-14 Flashcards

0
Q

Personal inventory

A

An analysis of your own reading, viewing, and listening habits and behavior to discover topics of personal interest

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1
Q

Brainstorming

A

A creative procedure for thinking of as many topics as you can in a limited time

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2
Q

Commitment

A

A measure of how much time and effort you put into a cause; your passion and concern about the topic

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3
Q

Ways to develop topics

A

Brainstorming

Personal inventory

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4
Q

Audience analysis

A

The collection and interpretation of audience information obtained by observation, inferences, questionnaires, or interviews

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5
Q

Captive audience

A

An audience that has not chosen to hear a particular speaker or speech

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6
Q

Voluntary audience

A

A collection of people who chose to listen to a particular speaker or speech

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7
Q

Demographic analysis

A

The collection and interpretation of data about the characteristics of people

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16
Q

Attitude

A

A predisposition to respond favorably or unfavorably to a person, object, idea or event

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17
Q

Belief

A

A conviction; often thought to be more enduring than an attitude and less enduring than a value

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18
Q

Value

A

A deeply rooted belied that governs our attitude about something

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19
Q

First method of audience analysis

A

Observation; building information about the audience through the senses

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20
Q

Method 2 of audience analysis

A

Draw an inference based on characteristics of the audience

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21
Q

Third method of audience analysis

A

A formal data collection through a questionnaire

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22
Q

Microtargeting

A

A method of bringing national issues down to the individual level

A very specific method of audience analysis that makes it easier to pinpoint specific demographics within a large group

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23
Q

Source credibility

A

The audiences perception if your effectiveness as a speaker

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24
Q

Competence

A

The degree to which the speaker is perceived as skilled, reliable, experienced, qualified, authoritative, and informed; an aspect of credibility

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25
Q

Trustworthiness

A

The degree to which the speaker is perceived as honest, fair, sincere, honorable, friendly and kind; an aspect of credibility

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26
Q

Dynamism

A

the extent to which the speaker is perceived as bold, active, energetic, strong, empathic and assertive; an aspect of credibility

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27
Q

Common ground

A

Also known as co-orientation, the degree to which the speaker’s values, beliefs, attitudes, and interests are shared with the audience; an aspect of credibility

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28
Q

Examples

A

Specific instances used to illustrate your point. Evidence only works if audience accepts the accuracy.

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29
Q

Narratives

A

Stories to illustrate an important point. Focus more on telling a human story.

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30
Q

Surveys

A

Studies in which a limited number of questions are answered by a sample of the population to discover opinions on issues.

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31
Q

Testimonial evidence

A

Written or oral statements of others’ experienced used by a speaker to substantiate or clarify a point

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32
Q

Lay testimony

A

Statements made by an ordinary person that substantiate or support what you say.

33
Q

Expert testimony

A

Statements made by someone who has special knowledge or expertise about an issue or idea.

34
Q

Celebrity testimony

A

Statements made by a public figure who is known to the audience.

35
Q

Evaluation of sources

A

Verifiable - bibliography, references
Competent - qualifications
Objective - no biases
Timely - relevant and/or recent

36
Q

Statistics

A

Numbers that summarize numerical information or compare quantities

37
Q

Analogy

A

A comparison of things in some respects, especially in position or function, that are otherwise dissimilar.

38
Q

Explanation

A

A clarification of what something is or how it works

39
Q

Definitions

A

Determinations of meaning through description, simplification, examples, analysis, comparison, explanation or illustration.

40
Q

Sleeper effect

A

A change of audience opinion caused by the separation of the message content from its source over a period of time

41
Q

Personal experience

A

Use your own life as a source of information

42
Q

Reference librarian

A

A librarian specifically trained to help you find sources of information

43
Q

Search engine

A

A program on the Internet that allows users to search for information

44
Q

Bibliographic references

A

Complete citations that appear in the “references” or “works cited” section of your speech outline.

45
Q

Internal references

A

Brief notations indicating a bibliographic reference that contains the details you are using in your speech

46
Q

Verbal citations

A

Oral explanations of who the source is, how recent the information is, and what the source’s qualifications are.

47
Q

Supporting materials

A

Information you can use to substantiate your arguments and to clarify your position.

48
Q

Plagiarism

A

The intentional use of information from another source without crediting the source

49
Q

Incremental plagiarism

A

The intentional or unintentional use of information from one or more sources without divulging how much information is directly quoted

50
Q

Two-sided argument

A

A source advocating one position presents an argument from the opposite viewpoint and then goes on to refute that argument

51
Q

Function of introduction

A 
Gain attention and interest 
Establish your qualifications 
Forecast development (state main points)
53
Q

Sentence outline vs Key-word outline

A

Sentence outline is a formal document with about 1/3 of all words you’re gonna say

Key-word outline is the speaker notes that are abstract reminders of what to talk about

54
Q

Organization of the Body

A

Time - history, processes

Cause/effect - explaining

Problems/solution - proposes action

Topical - set of reasons, categories, types (parts of a whole, example the food pyramid)

55
Q

Principles of an introduction

A

Complete sentences
Margins and symbols
Formal document

58
Q

Information hunger

A

Developing interest and curiosity in the audience

59
Q

Designing informative content

A

Use humor and watch audience response

60
Q

How to avoid information overload

A

Limit main points
Limit complexity
Concrete support, stories

61
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

Motivation after a speech is concluded

62
Q

four modes of delivery

A

extemporaneous, impromptu, manuscript, memorized

63
Q

extemporaneous

A

requires much preparation and few notes

64
Q

impromptu

A

requires little preparation and few notes

65
Q

memorized

A

requires much preparation and no notes

66
Q

manuscript

A

requires much preparation and many notes

67
Q

aspects of vocal delivery

A 
pitch
rate
pauses
volume
enunciation
fluency
vocal variety
68
Q

anxiety reducing techniques

A

develop skill - learn, practice speech

positive thinking - control intrapersonal

visualization - mental reheasal

relaxation - reduce physical response

70
Q

Conclusion organization

A

Functions- brake light (transitional phrase), restate main points, final remarkab

71
Q

Immediate behavioral purposes

A

The actions expected from an audience during and immediately after a presentation

72
Q

Goals of informative speaking

A

To increase knowledge
To learn something useful
Clarify complex ideas
In around interest in a subject

73
Q

criteria for purpose

A

highly specific

includes phrase “should be able to”

uses action verb like “state, identify, report, name, list, describe, explain, show or reveal”

from viewpoint of audience

Oral Communication (3 decks)

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