Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EMT > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NREMT® EMT flashcards
1
Q

Symptom

A

Subjective findings that the patient feels but that can be identified only by the patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sign

A

Objective finding that can be seen, heard, felt, or measured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Field impression

A

Conclusion about the cause of the patients condition after considering the situation, history, and examination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

A

Blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung causing obstruction of blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mechanism of injury

A

Forces, or energy transmission, applied to the body that cause injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Blunt trauma

A

Impact on body that cause injury without penetrating soft tissues or internal organs and cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Penetrating trauma

A

Injury caused by knives bullets that pierce the surface of the body and damage internal tissues and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Incident command system

A

System implemented to manage mass casualty incidents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primary assessment

A

Identify and begin treatment of immediate or imminent life threats. Physically assess the patient and assess level of consciousness and airways, breathing, and circulation (ABCs).

Does not include physical assessment or vital signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

General assessment

A

Initial assessment that determines the priory of patient care. Includes age, sex, race, level of distress, and overall performance.

Visual assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Uncontrolled bleeding

A

Takes priority over other assessments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

AVPU Scale

A

Method to assess consciousness, by determining if. Patient is A) Alert and Awake, V) responsive to verbal stimuli, P) Responsive to pain U) unresponsive l, generally do not have a cough or gag reflex

Pain method may not be accurate if there if a spinal cord injury is present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Orientation

A

If patient is responsive to verbal stimuli

Person - name (long term memory)
Place - current location (intermediate memory)
Time - year, month, day (short term)
Event - MOI or NOI

Important to assess all 4, if they are okay they are considered alert and oriented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Spinal injury

A

Manually stabilize until primary assement is over, cervical collar only after primary assessment is done

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Spinal immobilization

A

Blunt or penetrating
Pain or tenderness on palpation of the neck or spine
Patient reports pain in neck or back
Paralysis or neurological complaint

Blunt
Altered mental state
Intoxication
Difficult or unable to communicate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cardiac Arrest (primary assesment)

A

ABC’s should be assessed simultaneously to minimize time to first compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Airway obstruction (responsive)

A

Speaking and crying - open airway

Reposition patient, remove liquids or foreign body, or abdominal thrusts or chest compressions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Airway obstruction (unresponsive)

A

Signs

Obvious trauma, blood, or other obstruction
Noisy breathing, snoring, gurgling, crowing
Shallow or absent breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Jaw thrust maneuver

A

Unresponsive patient with trauma - place finger behind angle of the jaw and bring the jaw forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Head-tilt chin lift maneuver

A

No trauma - tilt forehead back and lift the chin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Assess breathing

A

Breathing without assistance is spontaneous respirations.

Goal of oxygen saturation of greater than 94%.

Respirations should not be greater than 28 breaths/min or fewer then 8 breaths/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Shallow respirations

A

Little movement of the chest wall or poor chest excursion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Deep respirations

A

Significant rise / fall of the chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Retractions

A

Movements in which skin pulls in around the ribs during inspiration can be sign of inadequate breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Accessory muscles

A

Sign of inadequate breathing - necks muscles (sternocleidomastoid), chest pectoral major, and abs

26
Q

Two to Three word dyspnea

A

Severe breathing problem in which a patient can only speak 2 to 3 words at a time without pausing to take a breath

27
Q

Tripod position

A

Patient is sitting and leaning forward on outstretched arms with the head and chin thrust forward

28
Q

Sniffing position

A

Common for children - patient sits upright with head and Chin thrust slightly forward l, and sniffling

29
Q

Labored Breathing

A

Use of muscles of the chest, back, and abdomen to assist in expanding the chest

30
Q

Respiratory distress

A

Increase in respiratory effort and rate, can lead to failure where the blood is inadequately oxygenated or ventilation is inadequate to meet the oxygen demands of the body, which leads to respiratory arrest

31
Q

Signs of respiratory distress

A

Agitation, anxiety, restless
Stridor (high pitched), wheezing
Accessory muscles used
Tachypnea (rapid respirations)
Mild tachycardia (rapid heart rate, more then 100 beats/min)
Nasal flaring, see saw breathing, head bobbing

32
Q

Signs of respiratory failure

A

Lethargy, difficult to rouse
Tachypnea with periods of bradypnea (slow respiratory rate, indicates respiratory arrest in children)
Inadequate chest rise/poor excursion
Inadequate respiratory rate or effort
Bradycardia (slow heart rate, less then 60 beats per min)
Diminished muscle tone

33
Q

Pulse

A

Wave of pressure created as the heart contracts and forces blood out the left ventricle and into major arteries

Conscious over 1 year - radial artery a (wrist)
Unconscious over 1 year - carotid artery

34
Q

Infant pulse

A

Younger then 1 feel for brachial pulse (inside medial areas of the upper arm

35
Q

Unresponsive patient (pulse)

A

Do not feel pulse then begin CPR or AED

36
Q

Responsive patient (pulse)

A

Has pulse but not breathing start ventilations at 10 to 12 breaths per min (adult) and 12 to 20 for infant or child. Monitor every 2 mins. The abscence of pulse in a responsive patient is not caused by cardiac arrest

37
Q

Skin condition

A

Important for evaluating circulation, perfusion, blood oxygen level, and body temperature. Perfusion is assessed by evaluating skin color, temperature, moisture, and capillary refill

38
Q

Skin color

A

In patients with deeply pigmented skin changes in color may only be apparent in fingernail beds, mucous membranes in the mouth, lips, and underside of arm and palms and the conjunctiva (membrane lining the eyelids).

Palms of hands and soles of feet should be assessed in infants and children d

39
Q

Skin color (continued)

A

High blood pressure, fever, heatstroke, may cause skin to be red

40
Q

Sclera

A

White portion of the eye which may show color before the skin I.e jaundice

41
Q

Diaphoretic

A

Characterized by light or profuse sweating - will occurs in early stages of shock

42
Q

Skin assesment

A

Skin color
Skin temperature
Skin moisture

43
Q

Capillary refill

A

More accurate in newborns and infants - assess how fast blood comes back to nailbeds. In newborns/ infants press on forehead , chin, or sternum.
Should return in 2 seconds, poor circulation when takes longer than 2 seconds

44
Q

DCAP-BTLS

A

Assessment where body is evaluated for deformities, contusions, abrasions,punctures/penetrations,burns,tenderness,lacerations, swelling

45
Q

High priority transport

A

Unresponsive, difficultly breathing, uncontrolled breathing, altered LOC, Severe Chest Pain, pale skin or perfusion, complicated childbirth, severe pain in body

46
Q

OPQRST

A

Onset - what were you doing when the symptoms began

Provocation/palliation - does anything make the symptoms better or worse? How are you most comfortable

Quality- what does symptom feel
Like

Region/radiation - where do you feel the symptoms

Severity - scale of 1 to 10 on pain

Timing - how long have you had the symptom

47
Q

Pertinent negatives

A

Negative findings that warrant no care or intervention

48
Q

Secondary assessment

A

Systematic physical exam. Examine may be systematic or focused on certain area or region of the body. Often determined through the chief complaint

49
Q

Palpation

A

Touching or feeling patient. Fingertips best for detecting texture and consistency, while back of your hand is best for noting temperature

50
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening to sounds of the organs with a stethoscope

51
Q

Battle sign

A

Brushing behind the ear over the mastoid process that may indicate a skull fracture

52
Q

Jugular vein distention

A

Visual bulging of the jugular veins that can be caused by fluid overload, pressure in the chest, cardiac tamponede, or tension pneumothorax

53
Q

Focused assessment

A

For patients that have non significant MOIs and are responsive. Focused on the chief complaint

54
Q

Assessing breathing

A

Respiratory Rate
Rhythm
Quality of Breathing
Depth of breathing

55
Q

Crackles

A

Crackling, rattling breath sounds that signals fluid in the air spaces of the lungs. Sounds like Rice Krispies in milk

56
Q

Rhonchi

A

Coarse, low pitched breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the upper airways

57
Q

Blood pressure ranges

A

90 to 120 adult
110 to 131 adolescent
97 to 115 child (7 years)
86 to 106 2 years
72 to 104 infant
67 to 84 Neonate

58
Q

Paradoxical Motion

A

Associated with fracture of several ribs, causing section of chest to move independently from rest of the chest wall

59
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Acccumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity

60
Q

Subcutaneous emphysema

A

Crackling sensation felt on palpation of the skin, caused by presence of air in soft tissues

61
Q

Capnography

A

Used to determine how much carbon dioxide is being exhaled l

EMT (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions