Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Agrobiodiversity

A

Genetic variety of animal and plant species used on farms to create food

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2
Q

Alley cropping

A

The planting of rows of trees or shrubs to create alleys in which crops are grown

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3
Q

Antibiotics

A

Antibacterial treatments used to treat sick livestock and plants

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4
Q

Aquaculture

A

The practice of raising fish for human consumption in freshwater or underwater cages in the wild

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5
Q

Broad-spectrum pesticide

A

A pesticide which kills all or most organisms within reach

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6
Q

Bycatch

A

Anything fishermen catch in nets that is not the targetted species

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7
Q

Contour planting

A

The planting of crops along the natural contour lines of a field slope

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8
Q

Crop rotation

A

The continual coverage of fields with a variety of different crops throughout multiple seasons

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9
Q

Crossbreeding

A

The strategic mating of two different breeds to produce a desired outcome

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10
Q

Desertification

A

The process by which productive topsoil decreases by 10% or more as a result of changing climate and human influence

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11
Q

Enteric fermentation

A

The natural digestive process of carbohydrates by which livestock produce high levels of methane

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12
Q

Erosion

A

The movement or waring down of rocks and soils

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13
Q

Feed lot

A

A mass-feeding operation intended to quickly prepare livestock for human consumption

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14
Q

Fish farms

A

The commercial breeding of fish in artificial enclosures for human consumption

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15
Q

Fishery

A

An area of the ocean with wild fish populations

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16
Q

Fungicide

A

A chemical that destroys fungus

17
Q

Genetic engineering

A

The introduction of new traits to an organism through genetic modification for a specific purpose

18
Q

Herbicide

A

A substance used to control undesired plant populations (weeds)

19
Q

Industrialized agriculture

A

Motorized equipment, monocultures, chemicals, and financial capital

20
Q

Insecticide

A

A substance used to control unwanted pest populations

21
Q

Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

A

The use of chemicals and non-chemicals to regulate pest populations; the evaluation of crops and pests as part of an elaborate ecosystem

22
Q

Irrigation

A

Water supply for crops by man-made structures like underground pipes

23
Q

Malnutrition

A

Too little or too much of certain plant nutrients

24
Q

Monoculture

A

The production of a singular crop for human consumption

25
Q

Monoculture

A

The production of a singular crop for human consumption

26
Q

Organic agriculture

A

The production of crops and animals for human consumption without the use of inorganic pesticides, fertilizers, or genetic engineering