Chapter 10 Flashcards
Agrobiodiversity
Genetic variety of animal and plant species used on farms to create food
Alley cropping
The planting of rows of trees or shrubs to create alleys in which crops are grown
Antibiotics
Antibacterial treatments used to treat sick livestock and plants
Aquaculture
The practice of raising fish for human consumption in freshwater or underwater cages in the wild
Broad-spectrum pesticide
A pesticide which kills all or most organisms within reach
Bycatch
Anything fishermen catch in nets that is not the targetted species
Contour planting
The planting of crops along the natural contour lines of a field slope
Crop rotation
The continual coverage of fields with a variety of different crops throughout multiple seasons
Crossbreeding
The strategic mating of two different breeds to produce a desired outcome
Desertification
The process by which productive topsoil decreases by 10% or more as a result of changing climate and human influence
Enteric fermentation
The natural digestive process of carbohydrates by which livestock produce high levels of methane
Erosion
The movement or waring down of rocks and soils
Feed lot
A mass-feeding operation intended to quickly prepare livestock for human consumption
Fish farms
The commercial breeding of fish in artificial enclosures for human consumption
Fishery
An area of the ocean with wild fish populations
Fungicide
A chemical that destroys fungus
Genetic engineering
The introduction of new traits to an organism through genetic modification for a specific purpose
Herbicide
A substance used to control undesired plant populations (weeds)
Industrialized agriculture
Motorized equipment, monocultures, chemicals, and financial capital
Insecticide
A substance used to control unwanted pest populations
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
The use of chemicals and non-chemicals to regulate pest populations; the evaluation of crops and pests as part of an elaborate ecosystem
Irrigation
Water supply for crops by man-made structures like underground pipes
Malnutrition
Too little or too much of certain plant nutrients
Monoculture
The production of a singular crop for human consumption
Monoculture
The production of a singular crop for human consumption
Organic agriculture
The production of crops and animals for human consumption without the use of inorganic pesticides, fertilizers, or genetic engineering
